diff --git a/examples/sslstrip.py b/examples/sslstrip.py
index 41cce8961..b5e463975 100644
--- a/examples/sslstrip.py
+++ b/examples/sslstrip.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-from six.moves import urllib
+import urllib
 
 # set of SSL/TLS capable hosts
 secure_hosts = set()
diff --git a/examples/upsidedownternet.py b/examples/upsidedownternet.py
index d50590922..d4de7e253 100644
--- a/examples/upsidedownternet.py
+++ b/examples/upsidedownternet.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 from PIL import Image
 
 
 def response(flow):
     if flow.response.headers.get("content-type", "").startswith("image"):
         try:
-            s = StringIO(flow.response.content)
+            s = io.StringIO(flow.response.content)
             img = Image.open(s).rotate(180)
-            s2 = StringIO()
+            s2 = io.StringIO()
             img.save(s2, "png")
             flow.response.content = s2.getvalue()
             flow.response.headers["content-type"] = "image/png"
diff --git a/mitmproxy/builtins/serverplayback.py b/mitmproxy/builtins/serverplayback.py
index 29fc95efc..b495bc27e 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/builtins/serverplayback.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/builtins/serverplayback.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
-from six.moves import urllib
+import urllib
 import hashlib
 
 from netlib import strutils
diff --git a/mitmproxy/builtins/stickycookie.py b/mitmproxy/builtins/stickycookie.py
index 027e624fa..d89bd92d1 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/builtins/stickycookie.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/builtins/stickycookie.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import collections
-from six.moves import http_cookiejar
+from http import cookiejar
+
 from netlib.http import cookies
 
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
@@ -20,9 +21,9 @@ def ckey(attrs, f):
 
 
 def domain_match(a, b):
-    if http_cookiejar.domain_match(a, b):
+    if cookiejar.domain_match(a, b):
         return True
-    elif http_cookiejar.domain_match(a, b.strip(".")):
+    elif cookiejar.domain_match(a, b.strip(".")):
         return True
     return False
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/console/grideditor/base.py b/mitmproxy/console/grideditor/base.py
index 8b80badbf..eed70c0b0 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/console/grideditor/base.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/console/grideditor/base.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 import abc
 import copy
 
-import six
 import urwid
 from mitmproxy.console import common
 from mitmproxy.console import signals
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ FOOTER_EDITING = [
 ]
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class Column(object):
+class Column(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     subeditor = None
 
     def __init__(self, heading):
diff --git a/mitmproxy/console/master.py b/mitmproxy/console/master.py
index 16abcb96a..d648d808c 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/console/master.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/console/master.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import tempfile
 import traceback
 import weakref
 
-import six
 import urwid
 from typing import Optional  # noqa
 
@@ -357,13 +356,8 @@ class ConsoleMaster(flow.FlowMaster):
     def spawn_editor(self, data):
         text = not isinstance(data, bytes)
         fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp('', "mproxy", text=text)
-        if six.PY2:
-            os.close(fd)
-            with open(name, "w" if text else "wb") as f:
-                f.write(data)
-        else:
-            with open(fd, "w" if text else "wb") as f:
-                f.write(data)
+        with open(fd, "w" if text else "wb") as f:
+            f.write(data)
         # if no EDITOR is set, assume 'vi'
         c = os.environ.get("EDITOR") or "vi"
         cmd = shlex.split(c)
diff --git a/mitmproxy/contentviews.py b/mitmproxy/contentviews.py
index 83e6a7ad0..03ef8f052 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/contentviews.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/contentviews.py
@@ -16,24 +16,26 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
 import cssutils
 import datetime
-import html2text
-import jsbeautifier
 import json
 import logging
-import lxml.etree
-import lxml.html
 import subprocess
 import traceback
+import io
+from typing import Mapping  # noqa
+
+import lxml.etree
+import lxml.html
 from PIL import ExifTags
 from PIL import Image
+import html2text
+import jsbeautifier
+
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
 from mitmproxy.contrib.wbxml import ASCommandResponse
 from netlib import http
 from netlib import multidict
 from netlib import strutils
 from netlib.http import url
-from six import BytesIO
-from typing import Mapping  # noqa
 
 try:
     import pyamf
@@ -422,7 +424,7 @@ class ViewImage(View):
 
     def __call__(self, data, **metadata):
         try:
-            img = Image.open(BytesIO(data))
+            img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(data))
         except IOError:
             return None
         parts = [
diff --git a/mitmproxy/contrib/tls/utils.py b/mitmproxy/contrib/tls/utils.py
index 4c917303e..87afbacb7 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/contrib/tls/utils.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/contrib/tls/utils.py
@@ -6,15 +6,12 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
 
 import construct
 
-import six
-
-
 class _UBInt24(construct.Adapter):
     def _encode(self, obj, context):
-        return (
-            six.int2byte((obj & 0xFF0000) >> 16) +
-            six.int2byte((obj & 0x00FF00) >> 8) +
-            six.int2byte(obj & 0x0000FF)
+        return bytes(
+            (obj & 0xFF0000) >> 16,
+            (obj & 0x00FF00) >> 8,
+            obj & 0x0000FF
         )
 
     def _decode(self, obj, context):
diff --git a/mitmproxy/contrib/tnetstring.py b/mitmproxy/contrib/tnetstring.py
index f5e1d5c10..22ecab652 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/contrib/tnetstring.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/contrib/tnetstring.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ all other strings are returned as plain bytes.
 """
 
 import collections
-import six
 from typing import io, Union, Tuple  # noqa
 
 TSerializable = Union[None, bool, int, float, bytes, list, tuple, dict]
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ def _rdumpq(q, size, value):
     elif value is False:
         write(b'5:false!')
         return size + 8
-    elif isinstance(value, six.integer_types):
+    elif isinstance(value, int):
         data = str(value).encode()
         ldata = len(data)
         span = str(ldata).encode()
@@ -191,16 +190,12 @@ def load(file_handle):
 
 def parse(data_type, data):
     # type: (int, bytes) -> TSerializable
-    if six.PY2:
-        data_type = ord(data_type)
     if data_type == ord(b','):
         return data
     if data_type == ord(b';'):
         return data.decode("utf8")
     if data_type == ord(b'#'):
         try:
-            if six.PY2:
-                return long(data)
             return int(data)
         except ValueError:
             raise ValueError("not a tnetstring: invalid integer literal: {}".format(data))
diff --git a/mitmproxy/contrib/wbxml/ASWBXMLByteQueue.py b/mitmproxy/contrib/wbxml/ASWBXMLByteQueue.py
index ecc76efb5..b616028c4 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/contrib/wbxml/ASWBXMLByteQueue.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/contrib/wbxml/ASWBXMLByteQueue.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 Inspired by EAS Inspector for Fiddler
 https://easinspectorforfiddler.codeplex.com
 
------ The MIT License (MIT) ----- 
+----- The MIT License (MIT) -----
 Filename: ASWBXMLByteQueue.py
 Copyright (c) 2014, David P. Shaw
 
@@ -27,25 +27,25 @@ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 THE SOFTWARE.
 '''
-from six.moves.queue import Queue
+from queue import Queue
 import logging
 
 class ASWBXMLByteQueue(Queue):
 
     def __init__(self, wbxmlBytes):
-        
+
         self.bytesDequeued = 0
         self.bytesEnqueued = 0
-        
+
         Queue.__init__(self)
 
         for byte in wbxmlBytes:
             self.put(ord(byte))
             self.bytesEnqueued += 1
-        
-        
+
+
         logging.debug("Array byte count: %d, enqueued: %d" % (self.qsize(), self.bytesEnqueued))
-    
+
     """
     Created to debug the dequeueing of bytes
     """
@@ -54,18 +54,18 @@ class ASWBXMLByteQueue(Queue):
         self.bytesDequeued += 1
         logging.debug("Dequeued byte 0x{0:X} ({1} total)".format(singleByte, self.bytesDequeued))
         return singleByte
-    
+
     """
     Return true if the continuation bit is set in the byte
     """
     def checkContinuationBit(self, byteval):
         continuationBitmask = 0x80
         return (continuationBitmask & byteval) != 0
-    
+
     def dequeueMultibyteInt(self):
         iReturn = 0
         singleByte = 0xFF
-         
+
         while True:
             iReturn <<= 7
             if (self.qsize() == 0):
@@ -100,4 +100,3 @@ class ASWBXMLByteQueue(Queue):
                     break
 
         return strReturn
-
diff --git a/mitmproxy/controller.py b/mitmproxy/controller.py
index 4fd66bfab..579cf92dc 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/controller.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/controller.py
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 import functools
 import threading
 import contextlib
-
-from six.moves import queue
+import queue
 
 from mitmproxy import addons
 from mitmproxy import options
diff --git a/mitmproxy/flow/export.py b/mitmproxy/flow/export.py
index eb2d38d28..44ba1905d 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/flow/export.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/flow/export.py
@@ -2,21 +2,15 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
 import json
 import re
-from textwrap import dedent
-
-import six
-from six.moves import urllib
+import textwrap
+import urllib
 
 import netlib.http
 
 
 def _native(s):
-    if six.PY2:
-        if isinstance(s, str):
-            return s.encode()
-    else:
-        if isinstance(s, bytes):
-            return s.decode()
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        return s.decode()
     return s
 
 
@@ -49,7 +43,7 @@ def curl_command(flow):
 
 
 def python_code(flow):
-    code = dedent("""
+    code = textwrap.dedent("""
         import requests
 
         url = '{url}'
@@ -110,7 +104,7 @@ def is_json(headers, content):
 
 
 def locust_code(flow):
-    code = dedent("""
+    code = textwrap.dedent("""
         from locust import HttpLocust, TaskSet, task
 
         class UserBehavior(TaskSet):
diff --git a/mitmproxy/flow/io_compat.py b/mitmproxy/flow/io_compat.py
index b01f96b66..e7753adb0 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/flow/io_compat.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/flow/io_compat.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ This module handles the import of mitmproxy flows generated by old versions.
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
-import six
 from typing import Any  # noqa
 
 from netlib import version, strutils
@@ -93,23 +92,21 @@ def _convert_dict_vals(o, values_to_convert):
 def convert_unicode(data):
     # type: (dict) -> dict
     """
-    The Python 2 version of mitmproxy serializes everything as bytes.
     This method converts between Python 3 and Python 2 dumpfiles.
     """
-    if not six.PY2:
-        data = _convert_dict_keys(data)
-        data = _convert_dict_vals(
-            data, {
-                "type": True,
-                "id": True,
-                "request": {
-                    "first_line_format": True
-                },
-                "error": {
-                    "msg": True
-                }
+    data = _convert_dict_keys(data)
+    data = _convert_dict_vals(
+        data, {
+            "type": True,
+            "id": True,
+            "request": {
+                "first_line_format": True
+            },
+            "error": {
+                "msg": True
             }
-        )
+        }
+    )
     return data
 
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/flow/state.py b/mitmproxy/flow/state.py
index 26b18c84d..f6395c79d 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/flow/state.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/flow/state.py
@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
 from abc import abstractmethod, ABCMeta
 
-import six
 from typing import List  # noqa
 
 from mitmproxy import flowfilter
 from mitmproxy import models  # noqa
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
-class FlowList(object):
+class FlowList(metaclass=ABCMeta):
     def __init__(self):
         self._list = []  # type: List[models.Flow]
 
@@ -26,9 +24,6 @@ class FlowList(object):
     def __bool__(self):
         return bool(self._list)
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        __nonzero__ = __bool__
-
     def __len__(self):
         return len(self._list)
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/main.py b/mitmproxy/main.py
index 6ae99bddd..e39742f34 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/main.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/main.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import os
 import signal
 import sys
 
-from six.moves import _thread  # PY3: We only need _thread.error, which is an alias of RuntimeError in 3.3+
-
 from mitmproxy import cmdline
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
 from mitmproxy.proxy import config
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ def mitmproxy(args=None):  # pragma: no cover
         sys.exit(1)
     try:
         m.run()
-    except (KeyboardInterrupt, _thread.error):
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, RuntimeError):
         pass
 
 
@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@ def mitmdump(args=None):  # pragma: no cover
     except (dump.DumpError, exceptions.OptionsError) as e:
         print("mitmdump: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
-    except (KeyboardInterrupt, _thread.error):
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, RuntimeError):
         pass
     if master is None or master.has_errored:
         print("mitmdump: errors occurred during run", file=sys.stderr)
@@ -142,5 +140,5 @@ def mitmweb(args=None):  # pragma: no cover
         sys.exit(1)
     try:
         m.run()
-    except (KeyboardInterrupt, _thread.error):
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, RuntimeError):
         pass
diff --git a/mitmproxy/models/connections.py b/mitmproxy/models/connections.py
index 9778b7f12..a99327d87 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/models/connections.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/models/connections.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import time
 import copy
 import os
 
-import six
-
 from mitmproxy import stateobject
 from netlib import certutils
 from netlib import tcp
@@ -47,9 +45,6 @@ class ClientConnection(tcp.BaseHandler, stateobject.StateObject):
     def __bool__(self):
         return bool(self.connection) and not self.finished
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        __nonzero__ = __bool__
-
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<ClientConnection: {ssl}{address}>".format(
             ssl="[ssl] " if self.ssl_established else "",
@@ -136,9 +131,6 @@ class ServerConnection(tcp.TCPClient, stateobject.StateObject):
     def __bool__(self):
         return bool(self.connection) and not self.finished
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        __nonzero__ = __bool__
-
     def __repr__(self):
         if self.ssl_established and self.sni:
             ssl = "[ssl: {0}] ".format(self.sni)
diff --git a/mitmproxy/platform/windows.py b/mitmproxy/platform/windows.py
index 576516e22..54d29c72d 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/platform/windows.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/platform/windows.py
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import time
 import configargparse
 from pydivert import enum
 from pydivert import windivert
-from six.moves import cPickle as pickle
-from six.moves import socketserver
+import pickle
+import socketserver
 
 PROXY_API_PORT = 8085
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/protocol/base.py b/mitmproxy/protocol/base.py
index da6e83563..b280ec35a 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/protocol/base.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/protocol/base.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
-import sys
-
-import six
-
 import netlib.exceptions
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
 from mitmproxy import models
@@ -184,12 +180,8 @@ class ServerConnectionMixin(object):
         try:
             self.server_conn.connect()
         except netlib.exceptions.TcpException as e:
-            six.reraise(
-                exceptions.ProtocolException,
-                exceptions.ProtocolException(
-                    "Server connection to {} failed: {}".format(
-                        repr(self.server_conn.address), str(e)
-                    )
-                ),
-                sys.exc_info()[2]
+            raise exceptions.ProtocolException(
+                "Server connection to {} failed: {}".format(
+                    repr(self.server_conn.address), str(e)
+                )
             )
diff --git a/mitmproxy/protocol/http.py b/mitmproxy/protocol/http.py
index 35b375de6..54b611993 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/protocol/http.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/protocol/http.py
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
 import h2.exceptions
 import netlib.exceptions
-import six
-import sys
 import time
 import traceback
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
@@ -83,9 +81,6 @@ class ConnectServerConnection(object):
     def __bool__(self):
         return bool(self.via)
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        __nonzero__ = __bool__
-
 
 class UpstreamConnectLayer(base.Layer):
 
@@ -159,12 +154,8 @@ class HttpLayer(base.Layer):
                 # We optimistically guess there might be an HTTP client on the
                 # other end
                 self.send_error_response(400, repr(e))
-                six.reraise(
-                    exceptions.ProtocolException,
-                    exceptions.ProtocolException(
-                        "HTTP protocol error in client request: {}".format(e)
-                    ),
-                    sys.exc_info()[2]
+                raise exceptions.ProtocolException(
+                    "HTTP protocol error in client request: {}".format(e)
                 )
 
             self.log("request", "debug", [repr(request)])
@@ -193,10 +184,7 @@ class HttpLayer(base.Layer):
 
             # update host header in reverse proxy mode
             if self.config.options.mode == "reverse":
-                if six.PY2:
-                    flow.request.headers["Host"] = self.config.upstream_server.address.host.encode()
-                else:
-                    flow.request.headers["Host"] = self.config.upstream_server.address.host
+                flow.request.headers["Host"] = self.config.upstream_server.address.host
 
             # set upstream auth
             if self.mode == "upstream" and self.config.upstream_auth is not None:
@@ -244,8 +232,9 @@ class HttpLayer(base.Layer):
                     self.channel.ask("error", flow)
                     return
                 else:
-                    six.reraise(exceptions.ProtocolException, exceptions.ProtocolException(
-                        "Error in HTTP connection: %s" % repr(e)), sys.exc_info()[2])
+                    raise exceptions.ProtocolException(
+                        "Error in HTTP connection: %s" % repr(e)
+                    )
             finally:
                 if flow:
                     flow.live = False
diff --git a/mitmproxy/protocol/http2.py b/mitmproxy/protocol/http2.py
index ae12406fc..ffc556843 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/protocol/http2.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/protocol/http2.py
@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ import traceback
 import functools
 
 import h2.exceptions
-import six
 from h2 import connection
 from h2 import events
-from six.moves import queue
+import queue
 
 import netlib.exceptions
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ class Http2Layer(base.Layer):
         return True
 
     def _handle_remote_settings_changed(self, event, other_conn):
-        new_settings = dict([(key, cs.new_value) for (key, cs) in six.iteritems(event.changed_settings)])
+        new_settings = dict([(key, cs.new_value) for (key, cs) in event.changed_settings.items()])
         other_conn.h2.safe_update_settings(new_settings)
         return True
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/protocol/tls.py b/mitmproxy/protocol/tls.py
index 4792edb86..2a82cf172 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/protocol/tls.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/protocol/tls.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
 import struct
-import sys
 
 import construct
-import six
 
 import netlib.exceptions
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
@@ -214,20 +212,12 @@ def is_tls_record_magic(d):
 
     # TLS ClientHello magic, works for SSLv3, TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2
     # http://www.moserware.com/2009/06/first-few-milliseconds-of-https.html#client-hello
-    if six.PY2:
-        return (
-            len(d) == 3 and
-            d[0] == '\x16' and
-            d[1] == '\x03' and
-            d[2] in ('\x00', '\x01', '\x02', '\x03')
-        )
-    else:
-        return (
-            len(d) == 3 and
-            d[0] == 0x16 and
-            d[1] == 0x03 and
-            0x0 <= d[2] <= 0x03
-        )
+    return (
+        len(d) == 3 and
+        d[0] == 0x16 and
+        d[1] == 0x03 and
+        0x0 <= d[2] <= 0x03
+    )
 
 
 def get_client_hello(client_conn):
@@ -467,7 +457,7 @@ class TlsLayer(base.Layer):
                 self._establish_tls_with_client()
             except:
                 pass
-            six.reraise(*sys.exc_info())
+            raise
 
         self._establish_tls_with_client()
 
@@ -497,15 +487,11 @@ class TlsLayer(base.Layer):
             # raises ann error.
             self.client_conn.rfile.peek(1)
         except netlib.exceptions.TlsException as e:
-            six.reraise(
-                exceptions.ClientHandshakeException,
-                exceptions.ClientHandshakeException(
-                    "Cannot establish TLS with client (sni: {sni}): {e}".format(
-                        sni=self._client_hello.sni, e=repr(e)
-                    ),
-                    self._client_hello.sni or repr(self.server_conn.address)
+            raise exceptions.ClientHandshakeException(
+                "Cannot establish TLS with client (sni: {sni}): {e}".format(
+                    sni=self._client_hello.sni, e=repr(e)
                 ),
-                sys.exc_info()[2]
+                self._client_hello.sni or repr(self.server_conn.address)
             )
 
     def _establish_tls_with_server(self):
@@ -545,20 +531,14 @@ class TlsLayer(base.Layer):
                 self.log(str(tls_cert_err), "warn")
                 self.log("Ignoring server verification error, continuing with connection", "warn")
         except netlib.exceptions.InvalidCertificateException as e:
-            six.reraise(
-                exceptions.InvalidServerCertificate,
-                exceptions.InvalidServerCertificate(str(e)),
-                sys.exc_info()[2]
-            )
+            raise exceptions.InvalidServerCertificate(str(e))
         except netlib.exceptions.TlsException as e:
-            six.reraise(
-                exceptions.TlsProtocolException,
-                exceptions.TlsProtocolException("Cannot establish TLS with {address} (sni: {sni}): {e}".format(
+            raise exceptions.TlsProtocolException(
+                "Cannot establish TLS with {address} (sni: {sni}): {e}".format(
                     address=repr(self.server_conn.address),
                     sni=self.server_sni,
-                    e=repr(e),
-                )),
-                sys.exc_info()[2]
+                    e=repr(e)
+                )
             )
 
         proto = self.alpn_for_client_connection.decode() if self.alpn_for_client_connection else '-'
diff --git a/mitmproxy/proxy/config.py b/mitmproxy/proxy/config.py
index df4dd4c8f..e5b3bd048 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/proxy/config.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/proxy/config.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import os
 import re
 from netlib import strutils
 
-import six
 from OpenSSL import SSL, crypto
 
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
@@ -38,9 +37,6 @@ class HostMatcher(object):
     def __bool__(self):
         return bool(self.patterns)
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        __nonzero__ = __bool__
-
 
 ServerSpec = collections.namedtuple("ServerSpec", "scheme address")
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/proxy/root_context.py b/mitmproxy/proxy/root_context.py
index cfa04bdf7..d3f3c6df8 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/proxy/root_context.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/proxy/root_context.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
-import sys
-
-import six
-
 import netlib.exceptions
 from mitmproxy import controller
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
@@ -50,7 +46,7 @@ class RootContext(object):
         try:
             d = top_layer.client_conn.rfile.peek(3)
         except netlib.exceptions.TcpException as e:
-            six.reraise(exceptions.ProtocolException, exceptions.ProtocolException(str(e)), sys.exc_info()[2])
+            raise exceptions.ProtocolException(str(e))
         client_tls = protocol.is_tls_record_magic(d)
 
         # 1. check for --ignore
@@ -101,7 +97,7 @@ class RootContext(object):
         is_ascii = (
             len(d) == 3 and
             # expect A-Za-z
-            all(65 <= x <= 90 or 97 <= x <= 122 for x in six.iterbytes(d))
+            all(65 <= x <= 90 or 97 <= x <= 122 for x in d)
         )
         if self.config.options.rawtcp and not is_ascii:
             return protocol.RawTCPLayer(top_layer)
diff --git a/mitmproxy/proxy/server.py b/mitmproxy/proxy/server.py
index 182f46024..0fedaa747 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/proxy/server.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/proxy/server.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import socket
 import sys
 import traceback
 
-import six
-
 import netlib.exceptions
 from mitmproxy import exceptions
 from mitmproxy import models
@@ -46,10 +44,8 @@ class ProxyServer(tcp.TCPServer):
                 (config.options.listen_host, config.options.listen_port)
             )
         except socket.error as e:
-            six.reraise(
-                exceptions.ServerException,
-                exceptions.ServerException('Error starting proxy server: ' + repr(e)),
-                sys.exc_info()[2]
+            raise exceptions.ServerException(
+                'Error starting proxy server: ' + repr(e)
             )
         self.channel = None
 
diff --git a/mitmproxy/stateobject.py b/mitmproxy/stateobject.py
index 5e4ae6e3d..a38315c14 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/stateobject.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/stateobject.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
-import six
 from typing import Any
 from typing import List
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ class StateObject(netlib.basetypes.Serializable):
         Retrieve object state.
         """
         state = {}
-        for attr, cls in six.iteritems(self._stateobject_attributes):
+        for attr, cls in self._stateobject_attributes.items():
             val = getattr(self, attr)
             if val is None:
                 state[attr] = None
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ class StateObject(netlib.basetypes.Serializable):
         Load object state from data returned by a get_state call.
         """
         state = state.copy()
-        for attr, cls in six.iteritems(self._stateobject_attributes):
+        for attr, cls in self._stateobject_attributes.items():
             val = state.pop(attr)
             if val is None:
                 setattr(self, attr, val)
diff --git a/mitmproxy/web/app.py b/mitmproxy/web/app.py
index 34969870b..e5a050989 100644
--- a/mitmproxy/web/app.py
+++ b/mitmproxy/web/app.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import re
 import hashlib
 
 
-import six
 import tornado.websocket
 import tornado.web
 from io import BytesIO
@@ -242,10 +241,10 @@ class FlowHandler(RequestHandler):
     def put(self, flow_id):
         flow = self.flow
         flow.backup()
-        for a, b in six.iteritems(self.json):
+        for a, b in self.json.items():
             if a == "request":
                 request = flow.request
-                for k, v in six.iteritems(b):
+                for k, v in b.items():
                     if k in ["method", "scheme", "host", "path", "http_version"]:
                         setattr(request, k, str(v))
                     elif k == "port":
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ class FlowHandler(RequestHandler):
 
             elif a == "response":
                 response = flow.response
-                for k, v in six.iteritems(b):
+                for k, v in b.items():
                     if k == "msg":
                         response.msg = str(v)
                     elif k == "code":
@@ -387,7 +386,7 @@ class Settings(RequestHandler):
 
     def put(self):
         update = {}
-        for k, v in six.iteritems(self.json):
+        for k, v in self.json.items():
             if k == "intercept":
                 self.master.options.intercept = v
                 update[k] = v
diff --git a/pathod/language/__init__.py b/pathod/language/__init__.py
index a43424eaf..15c2895bf 100644
--- a/pathod/language/__init__.py
+++ b/pathod/language/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 import itertools
 import time
 
-from six.moves import range
 import pyparsing as pp
 
 from . import http, http2, websockets, writer, exceptions
diff --git a/pathod/language/base.py b/pathod/language/base.py
index 3446f74c1..bdcc6d2fa 100644
--- a/pathod/language/base.py
+++ b/pathod/language/base.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import operator
 import os
 import abc
+import functools
 import pyparsing as pp
 
-from six.moves import reduce
 from netlib import strutils
 from netlib import human
 
@@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ class TokValueGenerate(Token):
     def expr(cls):
         e = pp.Literal("@").suppress() + v_integer
 
-        u = reduce(
+        u = functools.reduce(
             operator.or_,
             [pp.Literal(i) for i in human.SIZE_UNITS.keys()]
         ).leaveWhitespace()
         e = e + pp.Optional(u, default=None)
 
         s = pp.Literal(",").suppress()
-        s += reduce(
+        s += functools.reduce(
             operator.or_,
             [pp.Literal(i) for i in generators.DATATYPES.keys()]
         )
diff --git a/pathod/language/generators.py b/pathod/language/generators.py
index 68705941a..4040e099f 100644
--- a/pathod/language/generators.py
+++ b/pathod/language/generators.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import string
 import random
 import mmap
 
-import six
 import sys
 
 DATATYPES = dict(
@@ -52,8 +51,6 @@ def rand_byte(chars):
     """
     # bytearray has consistent behaviour on both Python 2 and 3
     # while bytes does not
-    if six.PY2:
-        return random.choice(chars)
     return bytes([random.choice(chars)])
 
 
diff --git a/pathod/log.py b/pathod/log.py
index 478371010..1a709dc60 100644
--- a/pathod/log.py
+++ b/pathod/log.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import time
 
-import six
-
 from netlib import strutils, human
 
 
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ class LogCtx(object):
                 timestamp = self.timestamp
             )
         if exc_value:
-            six.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+            raise exc_value
 
     def suppress(self):
         self.suppressed = True
diff --git a/pathod/pathoc.py b/pathod/pathoc.py
index 59ae5fba8..f122c14f8 100644
--- a/pathod/pathoc.py
+++ b/pathod/pathoc.py
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ import sys
 import os
 import itertools
 import hashlib
-from six.moves import queue
+import queue
 import random
 import select
 import time
 
 import OpenSSL.crypto
-import six
 import logging
 
 from netlib.tutils import treq
@@ -250,9 +249,9 @@ class Pathoc(tcp.TCPClient):
             if resp.status_code != 200:
                 raise exceptions.HttpException("Unexpected status code: %s" % resp.status_code)
         except exceptions.HttpException as e:
-            six.reraise(PathocError, PathocError(
+            raise PathocError(
                 "Proxy CONNECT failed: %s" % repr(e)
-            ))
+            )
 
     def socks_connect(self, connect_to):
         try:
diff --git a/pathod/pathod.py b/pathod/pathod.py
index 4f6c3d380..e882b73ef 100644
--- a/pathod/pathod.py
+++ b/pathod/pathod.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from netlib import certutils
 from netlib import websockets
 from netlib import version
 
-from six.moves import urllib
+import urllib
 from netlib.exceptions import HttpException, HttpReadDisconnect, TcpTimeout, TcpDisconnect, \
     TlsException
 
diff --git a/pathod/test.py b/pathod/test.py
index 4992945d2..c92cc50b1 100644
--- a/pathod/test.py
+++ b/pathod/test.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 import time
-
-from six.moves import queue
+import queue
 
 from . import pathod
 from netlib import basethread
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ class Daemon:
 
     def __init__(self, ssl=None, **daemonargs):
         self.q = queue.Queue()
-        self.logfp = StringIO()
+        self.logfp = io.StringIO()
         daemonargs["logfp"] = self.logfp
         self.thread = _PaThread(self.IFACE, self.q, ssl, daemonargs)
         self.thread.start()
diff --git a/release/setup.py b/release/setup.py
index b8eb6eeca..5781ff9ba 100644
--- a/release/setup.py
+++ b/release/setup.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ setup(
         "twine>=1.6.5, <1.8",
         "virtualenv>=14.0.5, <15.1",
         "wheel>=0.29.0, <0.30",
-        "six>=1.10.0, <1.11",
         "pysftp>=0.2.8, !=0.2.9, <0.3",
     ],
     entry_points={
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 43ca45437..e7604fc02 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ setup(
         "pyparsing>=2.1.3, <2.2",
         "pyperclip>=1.5.22, <1.6",
         "requests>=2.9.1, <2.12",
-        "six>=1.10, <1.11",
         "tornado>=4.3, <4.5",
         "urwid>=1.3.1, <1.4",
         "watchdog>=0.8.3, <0.9",
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_dumper.py b/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_dumper.py
index 9df187a55..20403eead 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_dumper.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_dumper.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import io
+
 from .. import tutils, mastertest
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
 
 from mitmproxy.builtins import dumper
 from mitmproxy.flow import state
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import mock
 class TestDumper(mastertest.MasterTest):
     def test_simple(self):
         d = dumper.Dumper()
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
 
         updated = {"tfile", "flow_detail"}
         d.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio, flow_detail = 0), updated)
@@ -24,17 +25,17 @@ class TestDumper(mastertest.MasterTest):
         d.response(tutils.tflow())
         assert sio.getvalue()
 
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         d.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio, flow_detail = 4), updated)
         d.response(tutils.tflow(resp=True))
         assert "<<" in sio.getvalue()
 
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         d.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio, flow_detail = 4), updated)
         d.response(tutils.tflow(err=True))
         assert "<<" in sio.getvalue()
 
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         d.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio, flow_detail = 4), updated)
         flow = tutils.tflow()
         flow.request = netlib.tutils.treq()
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class TestDumper(mastertest.MasterTest):
         d.response(flow)
         assert sio.getvalue()
 
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         d.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio, flow_detail = 4), updated)
         flow = tutils.tflow(resp=netlib.tutils.tresp(content=b"{"))
         flow.response.headers["content-type"] = "application/json"
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ class TestDumper(mastertest.MasterTest):
         d.response(flow)
         assert sio.getvalue()
 
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         d.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio), updated)
         flow = tutils.tflow()
         flow.request.content = None
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ class TestContentView(mastertest.MasterTest):
         view_auto.side_effect = exceptions.ContentViewException("")
 
         s = state.State()
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         o = dump.Options(
             flow_detail=4,
             verbosity=3,
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_termlog.py b/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_termlog.py
index a15104426..1564b53f1 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_termlog.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/builtins/test_termlog.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .. import mastertest
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 
 from mitmproxy.builtins import termlog
 from mitmproxy import controller
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from mitmproxy import dump
 class TestTermLog(mastertest.MasterTest):
     def test_simple(self):
         t = termlog.TermLog()
-        sio = StringIO()
+        sio = io.StringIO()
         t.configure(dump.Options(tfile = sio, verbosity = 2), set([]))
         t.log(controller.LogEntry("one", "info"))
         assert "one" in sio.getvalue()
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/test_controller.py b/test/mitmproxy/test_controller.py
index abf66b6c6..660ce1118 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/test_controller.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/test_controller.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from threading import Thread, Event
 from mock import Mock
 
 from mitmproxy import controller
-from six.moves import queue
+import queue
 
 from mitmproxy.exceptions import Kill, ControlException
 from mitmproxy.proxy import DummyServer
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/test_dump.py b/test/mitmproxy/test_dump.py
index 00b181667..d1443de41 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/test_dump.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/test_dump.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import os
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 
 from mitmproxy import dump, flow, exceptions
 from . import tutils, mastertest
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class TestDumpMaster(mastertest.MasterTest):
             options["verbosity"] = 0
         if "flow_detail" not in options:
             options["flow_detail"] = 0
-        o = dump.Options(filtstr=flt, tfile=StringIO(), **options)
+        o = dump.Options(filtstr=flt, tfile=io.StringIO(), **options)
         return dump.DumpMaster(None, o)
 
     def test_basic(self):
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class TestDumpMaster(mastertest.MasterTest):
 
     def test_error(self):
         o = dump.Options(
-            tfile=StringIO(),
+            tfile=io.StringIO(),
             flow_detail=1
         )
         m = dump.DumpMaster(None, o)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class TestDumpMaster(mastertest.MasterTest):
     def test_replacements(self):
         o = dump.Options(
             replacements=[(".*", "content", "foo")],
-            tfile = StringIO(),
+            tfile = io.StringIO(),
         )
         o.verbosity = 0
         o.flow_detail = 0
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class TestDumpMaster(mastertest.MasterTest):
     def test_setheader(self):
         o = dump.Options(
             setheaders=[(".*", "one", "two")],
-            tfile=StringIO()
+            tfile=io.StringIO()
         )
         o.verbosity = 0
         o.flow_detail = 0
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/test_examples.py b/test/mitmproxy/test_examples.py
index 483cb2285..81e8801c9 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/test_examples.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/test_examples.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import os
-
-import six
+import shlex
 
 from mitmproxy import options
 from mitmproxy import contentviews
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ class TestHARDump():
         with tutils.tmpdir() as tdir:
             path = os.path.join(tdir, "somefile")
 
-            m, sc = tscript("har_dump.py", six.moves.shlex_quote(path))
+            m, sc = tscript("har_dump.py", shlex.quote(path))
             m.addons.invoke(m, "response", self.flow())
             m.addons.remove(sc)
 
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ class TestHARDump():
         with tutils.tmpdir() as tdir:
             path = os.path.join(tdir, "somefile")
 
-            m, sc = tscript("har_dump.py", six.moves.shlex_quote(path))
+            m, sc = tscript("har_dump.py", shlex.quote(path))
             m.addons.invoke(m, "response", self.flow(resp_content=b"foo" + b"\xFF" * 10))
             m.addons.remove(sc)
 
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/test_flowfilter.py b/test/mitmproxy/test_flowfilter.py
index e8d19ffa6..8fa30900a 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/test_flowfilter.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/test_flowfilter.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 from mock import patch
 
 from mitmproxy import flowfilter
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from . import tutils
 class TestParsing:
 
     def _dump(self, x):
-        c = StringIO()
+        c = io.StringIO()
         x.dump(fp=c)
         assert c.getvalue()
 
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/tools/passive_close.py b/test/mitmproxy/tools/passive_close.py
index acbb31010..71b1022f4 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/tools/passive_close.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/tools/passive_close.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six.moves import socketserver
+import socketserver
 from time import sleep
 
 
diff --git a/test/mitmproxy/tutils.py b/test/mitmproxy/tutils.py
index d743a9e62..575dacf03 100644
--- a/test/mitmproxy/tutils.py
+++ b/test/mitmproxy/tutils.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from unittest.case import SkipTest
 
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 
 import netlib.utils
 import netlib.tutils
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ raises = netlib.tutils.raises
 
 @contextmanager
 def capture_stderr(command, *args, **kwargs):
-    out, sys.stderr = sys.stderr, StringIO()
+    out, sys.stderr = sys.stderr, io.StringIO()
     command(*args, **kwargs)
     yield sys.stderr.getvalue()
     sys.stderr = out
diff --git a/test/netlib/http/test_message.py b/test/netlib/http/test_message.py
index 742723099..5d533ad77 100644
--- a/test/netlib/http/test_message.py
+++ b/test/netlib/http/test_message.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
-import six
-
 from netlib.tutils import tresp
 from netlib import http, tutils
 
@@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ class TestMessageText(object):
         with tutils.raises(ValueError):
             assert r.text
 
-        assert r.get_text(strict=False) == u'\ufffd' if six.PY2 else '\udcff'
+        assert r.get_text(strict=False) == '\udcff'
 
     def test_cannot_encode(self):
         r = tresp()
@@ -271,4 +269,4 @@ class TestMessageText(object):
         r.headers["content-type"] = "text/html; charset=latin1"
         r.text = u'\udcff'
         assert r.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"
-        assert r.raw_content == b'\xed\xb3\xbf' if six.PY2 else b"\xFF"
+        assert r.raw_content == b"\xFF"
diff --git a/test/netlib/http/test_request.py b/test/netlib/http/test_request.py
index 9baabaa6d..1f01d29d0 100644
--- a/test/netlib/http/test_request.py
+++ b/test/netlib/http/test_request.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 
-import six
-
 from netlib.http import Headers
 from netlib.tutils import treq, raises
 from .test_message import _test_decoded_attr, _test_passthrough_attr
@@ -57,10 +55,6 @@ class TestRequestCore(object):
         assert req.data.path is None
 
     def test_host(self):
-        if six.PY2:
-            from unittest import SkipTest
-            raise SkipTest()
-
         request = treq()
         assert request.host == request.data.host.decode("idna")
 
diff --git a/test/netlib/http/test_url.py b/test/netlib/http/test_url.py
index 768e51302..631ed8a9b 100644
--- a/test/netlib/http/test_url.py
+++ b/test/netlib/http/test_url.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import six
 from netlib import tutils
 from netlib.http import url
 
@@ -58,10 +57,7 @@ def test_unparse():
     assert url.unparse("https", "foo.com", 443, "") == "https://foo.com"
 
 
-if six.PY2:
-    surrogates = bytes(bytearray(range(256)))
-else:
-    surrogates = bytes(range(256)).decode("utf8", "surrogateescape")
+surrogates = bytes(range(256)).decode("utf8", "surrogateescape")
 
 surrogates_quoted = (
     '%00%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%09%0A%0B%0C%0D%0E%0F'
diff --git a/test/netlib/test_debug.py b/test/netlib/test_debug.py
index 9ceaace98..4732125b0 100644
--- a/test/netlib/test_debug.py
+++ b/test/netlib/test_debug.py
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import (absolute_import, print_function, division)
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 
 from netlib import debug
 
 
 def test_dump_info():
-    cs = StringIO()
+    cs = io.StringIO()
     debug.dump_info(None, None, file=cs, testing=True)
     assert cs.getvalue()
 
 
 def test_dump_stacks():
-    cs = StringIO()
+    cs = io.StringIO()
     debug.dump_stacks(None, None, file=cs, testing=True)
     assert cs.getvalue()
 
diff --git a/test/netlib/test_strutils.py b/test/netlib/test_strutils.py
index 0f58cac57..36f709dae 100644
--- a/test/netlib/test_strutils.py
+++ b/test/netlib/test_strutils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import six
-
 from netlib import strutils, tutils
 
 
@@ -15,12 +13,8 @@ def test_always_bytes():
 def test_native():
     with tutils.raises(TypeError):
         strutils.native(42)
-    if six.PY2:
-        assert strutils.native(u"foo") == b"foo"
-        assert strutils.native(b"foo") == b"foo"
-    else:
-        assert strutils.native(u"foo") == u"foo"
-        assert strutils.native(b"foo") == u"foo"
+    assert strutils.native(u"foo") == u"foo"
+    assert strutils.native(b"foo") == u"foo"
 
 
 def test_escape_control_characters():
@@ -40,9 +34,8 @@ def test_escape_control_characters():
         u'=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~.'
     )
 
-    if not six.PY2:
-        with tutils.raises(ValueError):
-            strutils.escape_control_characters(b"foo")
+    with tutils.raises(ValueError):
+        strutils.escape_control_characters(b"foo")
 
 
 def test_bytes_to_escaped_str():
@@ -76,12 +69,8 @@ def test_escaped_str_to_bytes():
     assert strutils.escaped_str_to_bytes(u"&!?=\\\\)") == br"&!?=\)"
     assert strutils.escaped_str_to_bytes(u"\u00fc") == b'\xc3\xbc'
 
-    if six.PY2:
-        with tutils.raises(ValueError):
-            strutils.escaped_str_to_bytes(42)
-    else:
-        with tutils.raises(ValueError):
-            strutils.escaped_str_to_bytes(b"very byte")
+    with tutils.raises(ValueError):
+        strutils.escaped_str_to_bytes(b"very byte")
 
 
 def test_is_mostly_bin():
diff --git a/test/netlib/test_tcp.py b/test/netlib/test_tcp.py
index dc2f4e7e7..797a5a04c 100644
--- a/test/netlib/test_tcp.py
+++ b/test/netlib/test_tcp.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from io import BytesIO
-from six.moves import queue
+import queue
 import time
 import socket
 import random
diff --git a/test/netlib/test_version_check.py b/test/netlib/test_version_check.py
index fa6b19e5b..01820dad8 100644
--- a/test/netlib/test_version_check.py
+++ b/test/netlib/test_version_check.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from io import StringIO
+import io
 import mock
 from netlib import version_check
 
 
 @mock.patch("sys.exit")
 def test_check_pyopenssl_version(sexit):
-    fp = StringIO()
+    fp = io.StringIO()
     version_check.check_pyopenssl_version(fp=fp)
     assert not fp.getvalue()
     assert not sexit.called
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def test_check_pyopenssl_version(sexit):
 @mock.patch("OpenSSL.__version__")
 def test_unparseable_pyopenssl_version(version, sexit):
     version.split.return_value = ["foo", "bar"]
-    fp = StringIO()
+    fp = io.StringIO()
     version_check.check_pyopenssl_version(fp=fp)
     assert "Cannot parse" in fp.getvalue()
     assert not sexit.called
diff --git a/test/netlib/tservers.py b/test/netlib/tservers.py
index a80dcb28e..10a6f70a5 100644
--- a/test/netlib/tservers.py
+++ b/test/netlib/tservers.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import (absolute_import, print_function, division)
 
 import threading
-from six.moves import queue
-from io import StringIO
+import queue
+import io
 import OpenSSL
 
 from netlib import tcp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class _TServer(tcp.TCPServer):
         h.finish()
 
     def handle_error(self, connection, client_address, fp=None):
-        s = StringIO()
+        s = io.StringIO()
         tcp.TCPServer.handle_error(self, connection, client_address, s)
         self.q.put(s.getvalue())
 
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_language_actions.py b/test/pathod/test_language_actions.py
index 2b1b69155..9740e5c79 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_language_actions.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_language_actions.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six import BytesIO
+import io
 
 from pathod.language import actions, parse_pathoc, parse_pathod, serve
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class TestInject:
         assert v.offset == "r"
 
     def test_serve(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = next(parse_pathod("400:i0,'foo'"))
         assert serve(r, s, {})
 
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_language_http.py b/test/pathod/test_language_http.py
index dd0b8d025..e1eabe4a1 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_language_http.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_language_http.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six import BytesIO
+import io
 from pathod import language
 from pathod.language import http, base
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def parse_request(s):
 
 
 def test_make_error_response():
-    d = BytesIO()
+    d = io.BytesIO()
     s = http.make_error_response("foo")
     language.serve(s, d, {})
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TestRequest:
         assert r[0].values({})
 
     def test_render(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_request("GET:'/foo'")
         assert language.serve(
             r,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class TestResponse:
         assert b"OK" in [i[:] for i in r.preamble({})]
 
     def test_render(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = next(language.parse_pathod("400:m'msg'"))
         assert language.serve(r, s, {})
 
@@ -173,13 +173,13 @@ class TestResponse:
         assert "p0" not in s.spec()
 
     def test_raw(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = next(language.parse_pathod("400:b'foo'"))
         language.serve(r, s, {})
         v = s.getvalue()
         assert b"Content-Length" in v
 
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = next(language.parse_pathod("400:b'foo':r"))
         language.serve(r, s, {})
         v = s.getvalue()
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class TestResponse:
 
     def test_length(self):
         def testlen(x):
-            s = BytesIO()
+            s = io.BytesIO()
             x = next(x)
             language.serve(x, s, language.Settings())
             assert x.length(language.Settings()) == len(s.getvalue())
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class TestResponse:
     def test_maximum_length(self):
         def testlen(x):
             x = next(x)
-            s = BytesIO()
+            s = io.BytesIO()
             m = x.maximum_length({})
             language.serve(x, s, {})
             assert m >= len(s.getvalue())
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_language_http2.py b/test/pathod/test_language_http2.py
index f4b340479..11e100ac8 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_language_http2.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_language_http2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six import BytesIO
+import io
 
 from netlib import tcp
 from netlib.http import user_agents
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def default_settings():
 
 
 def test_make_error_response():
-    d = BytesIO()
+    d = io.BytesIO()
     s = http2.make_error_response("foo", "bar")
     language.serve(s, d, default_settings())
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class TestRequest:
         assert r[1].method.string() == b"GET"
 
     def test_render_simple(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_request("GET:'/foo'")
         assert language.serve(
             r,
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class TestRequest:
         assert r.headers[0].values(default_settings()) == (b"user-agent", user_agents.get_by_shortcut('a')[2].encode())
 
     def test_render_with_headers(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_request('GET:/foo:h"foo"="bar"')
         assert language.serve(
             r,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class TestRequest:
         assert r.values(default_settings())
 
     def test_render_with_body(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_request("GET:'/foo':bfoobar")
         assert language.serve(
             r,
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class TestResponse:
         assert r.body.string() == b"foobar"
 
     def test_render_simple(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_response('200')
         assert language.serve(
             r,
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class TestResponse:
         )
 
     def test_render_with_headers(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_response('200:h"foo"="bar"')
         assert language.serve(
             r,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class TestResponse:
         )
 
     def test_render_with_body(self):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         r = parse_response('200:bfoobar')
         assert language.serve(
             r,
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_language_writer.py b/test/pathod/test_language_writer.py
index e857e0845..7feb985d5 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_language_writer.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_language_writer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six import BytesIO
+import io
 from pathod import language
 from pathod.language import writer
 
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ from pathod.language import writer
 def test_send_chunk():
     v = b"foobarfoobar"
     for bs in range(1, len(v) + 2):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         writer.send_chunk(s, v, bs, 0, len(v))
         assert s.getvalue() == v
         for start in range(len(v)):
             for end in range(len(v)):
-                s = BytesIO()
+                s = io.BytesIO()
                 writer.send_chunk(s, v, bs, start, end)
                 assert s.getvalue() == v[start:end]
 
@@ -19,21 +19,21 @@ def test_send_chunk():
 def test_write_values_inject():
     tst = b"foo"
 
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     writer.write_values(s, [tst], [(0, "inject", b"aaa")], blocksize=5)
     assert s.getvalue() == b"aaafoo"
 
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     writer.write_values(s, [tst], [(1, "inject", b"aaa")], blocksize=5)
     assert s.getvalue() == b"faaaoo"
 
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     writer.write_values(s, [tst], [(1, "inject", b"aaa")], blocksize=5)
     assert s.getvalue() == b"faaaoo"
 
 
 def test_write_values_disconnects():
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     tst = b"foo" * 100
     writer.write_values(s, [tst], [(0, "disconnect")], blocksize=5)
     assert not s.getvalue()
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ def test_write_values_disconnects():
 
 def test_write_values():
     tst = b"foobarvoing"
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     writer.write_values(s, [tst], [])
     assert s.getvalue() == tst
 
     for bs in range(1, len(tst) + 2):
         for off in range(len(tst)):
-            s = BytesIO()
+            s = io.BytesIO()
             writer.write_values(
                 s, [tst], [(off, "disconnect")], blocksize=bs
             )
@@ -57,34 +57,34 @@ def test_write_values():
 def test_write_values_pauses():
     tst = "".join(str(i) for i in range(10)).encode()
     for i in range(2, 10):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         writer.write_values(
             s, [tst], [(2, "pause", 0), (1, "pause", 0)], blocksize=i
         )
         assert s.getvalue() == tst
 
     for i in range(2, 10):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         writer.write_values(s, [tst], [(1, "pause", 0)], blocksize=i)
         assert s.getvalue() == tst
 
     tst = [tst] * 5
     for i in range(2, 10):
-        s = BytesIO()
+        s = io.BytesIO()
         writer.write_values(s, tst[:], [(1, "pause", 0)], blocksize=i)
         assert s.getvalue() == b"".join(tst)
 
 
 def test_write_values_after():
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     r = next(language.parse_pathod("400:da"))
     language.serve(r, s, {})
 
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     r = next(language.parse_pathod("400:pa,0"))
     language.serve(r, s, {})
 
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     r = next(language.parse_pathod("400:ia,'xx'"))
     language.serve(r, s, {})
     assert s.getvalue().endswith(b'xx')
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_log.py b/test/pathod/test_log.py
index 0cd5b3b02..deb0f6138 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_log.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_log.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+import io
+
 from pathod import log
 from netlib.exceptions import TcpDisconnect
 
-import six
 
-
-class DummyIO(six.StringIO):
+class DummyIO(io.StringIO):
 
     def start_log(self, *args, **kwargs):
         pass
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_pathoc.py b/test/pathod/test_pathoc.py
index 361a863bb..f9670d734 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_pathoc.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_pathoc.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
-from six import BytesIO
+import io
 from mock import Mock
 
 from netlib import http
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ def test_response():
 
 class PathocTestDaemon(tutils.DaemonTests):
     def tval(self, requests, timeout=None, showssl=False, **kwargs):
-        s = StringIO()
+        s = io.StringIO()
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(
             ("127.0.0.1", self.d.port),
             ssl=self.ssl,
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ class TestDaemonSSL(PathocTestDaemon):
         assert log[0]["request"]["clientcert"]["keyinfo"]
 
     def test_http2_without_ssl(self):
-        fp = StringIO()
+        fp = io.StringIO()
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(
             ("127.0.0.1", self.d.port),
             use_http2=True,
@@ -171,15 +170,15 @@ class TestDaemon(PathocTestDaemon):
     def test_connect_fail(self):
         to = ("foobar", 80)
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(("127.0.0.1", self.d.port), fp=None)
-        c.rfile, c.wfile = BytesIO(), BytesIO()
+        c.rfile, c.wfile = io.BytesIO(), io.BytesIO()
         with raises("connect failed"):
             c.http_connect(to)
-        c.rfile = BytesIO(
+        c.rfile = io.BytesIO(
             b"HTTP/1.1 500 OK\r\n"
         )
         with raises("connect failed"):
             c.http_connect(to)
-        c.rfile = BytesIO(
+        c.rfile = io.BytesIO(
             b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
         )
         c.http_connect(to)
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ class TestDaemon(PathocTestDaemon):
     def test_socks_connect(self):
         to = ("foobar", 80)
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(("127.0.0.1", self.d.port), fp=None)
-        c.rfile, c.wfile = tutils.treader(b""), BytesIO()
+        c.rfile, c.wfile = tutils.treader(b""), io.BytesIO()
         tutils.raises(pathoc.PathocError, c.socks_connect, to)
 
         c.rfile = tutils.treader(
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_pathoc_cmdline.py b/test/pathod/test_pathoc_cmdline.py
index 922cf3a94..7f51929f1 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_pathoc_cmdline.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_pathoc_cmdline.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 import mock
 
 from pathod import pathoc_cmdline as cmdline
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from . import tutils
 @mock.patch("argparse.ArgumentParser.error")
 def test_pathoc(perror):
     assert cmdline.args_pathoc(["pathoc", "foo.com", "get:/"])
-    s = StringIO()
+    s = io.StringIO()
     with tutils.raises(SystemExit):
         cmdline.args_pathoc(["pathoc", "--show-uas"], s, s)
 
diff --git a/test/pathod/test_pathod.py b/test/pathod/test_pathod.py
index 0b34f9243..d119348aa 100644
--- a/test/pathod/test_pathod.py
+++ b/test/pathod/test_pathod.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
+import io
 
 from pathod import pathod
 from netlib import tcp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from . import tutils
 class TestPathod(object):
 
     def test_logging(self):
-        s = StringIO()
+        s = io.StringIO()
         p = pathod.Pathod(("127.0.0.1", 0), logfp=s)
         assert len(p.get_log()) == 0
         id = p.add_log(dict(s="foo"))
diff --git a/test/pathod/tutils.py b/test/pathod/tutils.py
index 3a94b6eb0..518485ba1 100644
--- a/test/pathod/tutils.py
+++ b/test/pathod/tutils.py
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ import tempfile
 import re
 import shutil
 import requests
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
-from six.moves import urllib
-from six import BytesIO
+import io
+import urllib
 
 from netlib import tcp
 from netlib import utils
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ def treader(bytes):
     """
         Construct a tcp.Read object from bytes.
     """
-    fp = BytesIO(bytes)
+    fp = io.BytesIO(bytes)
     return tcp.Reader(fp)
 
 
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ class DaemonTests(object):
         return resp
 
     def getpath(self, path, params=None):
-        logfp = StringIO()
+        logfp = io.StringIO()
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(
             ("localhost", self.d.port),
             ssl=self.ssl,
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ class DaemonTests(object):
             return resp
 
     def get(self, spec):
-        logfp = StringIO()
+        logfp = io.StringIO()
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(
             ("localhost", self.d.port),
             ssl=self.ssl,
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ class DaemonTests(object):
         """
         if ssl is None:
             ssl = self.ssl
-        logfp = StringIO()
+        logfp = io.StringIO()
         c = pathoc.Pathoc(
             ("localhost", self.d.port),
             ssl=ssl,
@@ -148,6 +147,6 @@ test_data = utils.Data(__name__)
 
 def render(r, settings=language.Settings()):
     r = r.resolve(settings)
-    s = BytesIO()
+    s = io.BytesIO()
     assert language.serve(r, s, settings)
     return s.getvalue()