import os, socket, time, threading, copy
from OpenSSL import SSL
from netlib import tcp, http, certutils, http_auth
import utils, version, platform, controller, stateobject

TRANSPARENT_SSL_PORTS = [443, 8443]
CA_CERT_NAME = "mitmproxy-ca.pem"


class AddressPriority(object):
    """
    Enum that signifies the priority of the given address when choosing the destination host.
    Higher is better (None < i)
    """
    FORCE = 5
    """forward mode"""
    MANUALLY_CHANGED = 4
    """user changed the target address in the ui"""
    FROM_SETTINGS = 3
    """reverse proxy mode"""
    FROM_CONNECTION = 2
    """derived from transparent resolver"""
    FROM_PROTOCOL = 1
    """derived from protocol (e.g. absolute-form http requests)"""


class ProxyError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, code, msg, headers=None):
        self.code, self.msg, self.headers = code, msg, headers

    def __str__(self):
        return "ProxyError(%s, %s)" % (self.code, self.msg)


class Log:
    def __init__(self, msg):
        self.msg = msg


class ProxyConfig:
    def __init__(self, certfile=None, keyfile=None, cacert=None, clientcerts=None, 
                       no_upstream_cert=False, body_size_limit=None, reverse_proxy=None, 
                       forward_proxy=None, transparent_proxy=None, authenticator=None,
                       ciphers=None
                ):
        self.ciphers = ciphers
        self.certfile = certfile
        self.keyfile = keyfile
        self.cacert = cacert
        self.clientcerts = clientcerts
        self.no_upstream_cert = no_upstream_cert
        self.body_size_limit = body_size_limit
        self.reverse_proxy = reverse_proxy
        self.forward_proxy = forward_proxy
        self.transparent_proxy = transparent_proxy
        self.authenticator = authenticator
        self.certstore = certutils.CertStore(cacert)


class ClientConnection(tcp.BaseHandler, stateobject.SimpleStateObject):
    def __init__(self, client_connection, address, server):
        if client_connection:  # Eventually, this object is restored from state. We don't have a connection then.
            tcp.BaseHandler.__init__(self, client_connection, address, server)
        else:
            self.connection = None
            self.server = None
            self.wfile = None
            self.rfile = None
            self.address = None
            self.clientcert = None

        self.timestamp_start = utils.timestamp()
        self.timestamp_end = None
        self.timestamp_ssl_setup = None

    _stateobject_attributes = dict(
        timestamp_start=float,
        timestamp_end=float,
        timestamp_ssl_setup=float
    )

    def _get_state(self):
        d = super(ClientConnection, self)._get_state()
        d.update(
            address={"address": self.address(), "use_ipv6": self.address.use_ipv6},
            clientcert=self.cert.to_pem() if self.clientcert else None
        )
        return d

    def _load_state(self, state):
        super(ClientConnection, self)._load_state(state)
        self.address = tcp.Address(**state["address"]) if state["address"] else None
        self.clientcert = certutils.SSLCert.from_pem(state["clientcert"]) if state["clientcert"] else None

    def copy(self):
        return copy.copy(self)

    def send(self, message):
        self.wfile.write(message)
        self.wfile.flush()

    @classmethod
    def _from_state(cls, state):
        f = cls(None, tuple(), None)
        f._load_state(state)
        return f

    def convert_to_ssl(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tcp.BaseHandler.convert_to_ssl(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.timestamp_ssl_setup = utils.timestamp()

    def finish(self):
        tcp.BaseHandler.finish(self)
        self.timestamp_end = utils.timestamp()


class ServerConnection(tcp.TCPClient, stateobject.SimpleStateObject):
    def __init__(self, address, priority):
        tcp.TCPClient.__init__(self, address)
        self.priority = priority

        self.peername = None
        self.timestamp_start = None
        self.timestamp_end = None
        self.timestamp_tcp_setup = None
        self.timestamp_ssl_setup = None

    _stateobject_attributes = dict(
        peername=tuple,
        timestamp_start=float,
        timestamp_end=float,
        timestamp_tcp_setup=float,
        timestamp_ssl_setup=float,
        address=tcp.Address,
        source_address=tcp.Address,
        cert=certutils.SSLCert,
        ssl_established=bool,
        sni=str
    )

    def _get_state(self):
        d = super(ServerConnection, self)._get_state()
        d.update(
            address={"address": self.address(), "use_ipv6": self.address.use_ipv6},
            source_address= {"address": self.source_address(),
                             "use_ipv6": self.source_address.use_ipv6} if self.source_address else None,
            cert=self.cert.to_pem() if self.cert else None
        )
        return d

    def _load_state(self, state):
        super(ServerConnection, self)._load_state(state)

        self.address = tcp.Address(**state["address"]) if state["address"] else None
        self.source_address = tcp.Address(**state["source_address"]) if state["source_address"] else None
        self.cert = certutils.SSLCert.from_pem(state["cert"]) if state["cert"] else None

    @classmethod
    def _from_state(cls, state):
        f = cls(tuple(), None)
        f._load_state(state)
        return f

    def copy(self):
        return copy.copy(self)

    def connect(self):
        self.timestamp_start = utils.timestamp()
        tcp.TCPClient.connect(self)
        self.peername = self.connection.getpeername()
        self.timestamp_tcp_setup = utils.timestamp()

    def send(self, message):
        self.wfile.write(message)
        self.wfile.flush()

    def establish_ssl(self, clientcerts, sni):
        clientcert = None
        if clientcerts:
            path = os.path.join(clientcerts, self.address.host.encode("idna")) + ".pem"
            if os.path.exists(path):
                clientcert = path
        try:
            self.convert_to_ssl(cert=clientcert, sni=sni)
            self.timestamp_ssl_setup = utils.timestamp()
        except tcp.NetLibError, v:
            raise ProxyError(400, str(v))

    def finish(self):
        tcp.TCPClient.finish(self)
        self.timestamp_end = utils.timestamp()

from . import protocol
from .protocol.http import HTTPResponse


class RequestReplayThread(threading.Thread):
    name="RequestReplayThread"

    def __init__(self, config, flow, masterq):
        self.config, self.flow, self.channel = config, flow, controller.Channel(masterq)
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)

    def run(self):
        try:
            r = self.flow.request
            server = ServerConnection(self.flow.server_conn.address(), None)
            server.connect()
            if self.flow.server_conn.ssl_established:
                server.establish_ssl(self.config.clientcerts,
                                     self.flow.server_conn.sni)
            server.send(r._assemble())
            self.flow.response = HTTPResponse.from_stream(server.rfile, r.method, body_size_limit=self.config.body_size_limit)
            self.channel.ask("response", self.flow.response)
        except (ProxyError, http.HttpError, tcp.NetLibError), v:
            self.flow.error = protocol.primitives.Error(str(v))
            self.channel.ask("error", self.flow.error)


class ConnectionHandler:
    def __init__(self, config, client_connection, client_address, server, channel, server_version):
        self.config = config
        self.client_conn = ClientConnection(client_connection, client_address, server)
        self.server_conn = None
        self.channel, self.server_version = channel, server_version

        self.close = False
        self.conntype = None
        self.sni = None

        self.mode = "regular"
        if self.config.reverse_proxy:
            self.mode = "reverse"
        if self.config.transparent_proxy:
            self.mode = "transparent"

    def handle(self):
        self.log("clientconnect")
        self.channel.ask("clientconnect", self)

        self.determine_conntype()

        try:
            try:
                # Can we already identify the target server and connect to it?
                server_address = None
                address_priority = None
                if self.config.forward_proxy:
                    server_address = self.config.forward_proxy[1:]
                    address_priority = AddressPriority.FORCE
                elif self.config.reverse_proxy:
                    server_address = self.config.reverse_proxy[1:]
                    address_priority = AddressPriority.FROM_SETTINGS
                elif self.config.transparent_proxy:
                    server_address = self.config.transparent_proxy["resolver"].original_addr(
                        self.client_conn.connection)
                    if not server_address:
                        raise ProxyError(502, "Transparent mode failure: could not resolve original destination.")
                    address_priority = AddressPriority.FROM_CONNECTION
                    self.log("transparent to %s:%s" % server_address)

                if server_address:
                    self.set_server_address(server_address, address_priority)
                    self._handle_ssl()

                while not self.close:
                    try:
                        protocol.handle_messages(self.conntype, self)
                    except protocol.ConnectionTypeChange:
                        self.log("Connection Type Changed: %s" % self.conntype)
                        continue

            # FIXME: Do we want to persist errors?
            except (ProxyError, tcp.NetLibError), e:
                protocol.handle_error(self.conntype, self, e)
        except Exception, e:
            self.log(e.__class__)
            import traceback
            self.log(traceback.format_exc())
            self.log(str(e))

        self.del_server_connection()
        self.log("clientdisconnect")
        self.channel.tell("clientdisconnect", self)

    def _handle_ssl(self):
        """
        Helper function of .handle()
        Check if we can already identify SSL connections.
        If so, connect to the server and establish an SSL connection
        """
        client_ssl = False
        server_ssl = False

        if self.config.transparent_proxy:
            client_ssl = server_ssl = (self.server_conn.address.port in self.config.transparent_proxy["sslports"])
        elif self.config.reverse_proxy:
            client_ssl = server_ssl = (self.config.reverse_proxy[0] == "https")
            # TODO: Make protocol generic (as with transparent proxies)
            # TODO: Add SSL-terminating capatbility (SSL -> mitmproxy -> plain and vice versa)
        if client_ssl or server_ssl:
            self.establish_server_connection()
            self.establish_ssl(client=client_ssl, server=server_ssl)

    def del_server_connection(self):
        """
        Deletes an existing server connection.
        """
        if self.server_conn and self.server_conn.connection:
            self.server_conn.finish()
            self.log("serverdisconnect", ["%s:%s" % (self.server_conn.address.host, self.server_conn.address.port)])
            self.channel.tell("serverdisconnect", self)
        self.server_conn = None
        self.sni = None

    def determine_conntype(self):
        #TODO: Add ruleset to select correct protocol depending on mode/target port etc.
        self.conntype = "http"

    def set_server_address(self, address, priority):
        """
        Sets a new server address with the given priority.
        Does not re-establish either connection or SSL handshake.
        @type priority: AddressPriority
        """
        address = tcp.Address.wrap(address)

        if self.server_conn:
            if self.server_conn.priority > priority:
                self.log("Attempt to change server address, "
                         "but priority is too low (is: %s, got: %s)" % (self.server_conn.priority, priority))
                return
            if self.server_conn.address == address:
                self.server_conn.priority = priority  # Possibly increase priority
                return

            self.del_server_connection()

        self.log("Set new server address: %s:%s" % (address.host, address.port))
        self.server_conn = ServerConnection(address, priority)

    def establish_server_connection(self):
        """
        Establishes a new server connection.
        If there is already an existing server connection, the function returns immediately.
        """
        if self.server_conn.connection:
            return
        self.log("serverconnect", ["%s:%s" % self.server_conn.address()[:2]])
        self.channel.tell("serverconnect", self)
        try:
            self.server_conn.connect()
        except tcp.NetLibError, v:
            raise ProxyError(502, v)

    def establish_ssl(self, client=False, server=False):
        """
        Establishes SSL on the existing connection(s) to the server or the client,
        as specified by the parameters. If the target server is on the pass-through list,
        the conntype attribute will be changed and the SSL connection won't be wrapped.
        A protocol handler must raise a ConnTypeChanged exception if it detects that this is happening
        """
        # TODO: Implement SSL pass-through handling and change conntype
        passthrough = [
            # "echo.websocket.org",
            # "174.129.224.73"  # echo.websocket.org, transparent mode
        ]
        if self.server_conn.address.host in passthrough or self.sni in passthrough:
            self.conntype = "tcp"
            return

        # Logging
        if client or server:
            subs = []
            if client:
                subs.append("with client")
            if server:
                subs.append("with server (sni: %s)" % self.sni)
            self.log("Establish SSL", subs)

        if server:
            if self.server_conn.ssl_established:
                raise ProxyError(502, "SSL to Server already established.")
            self.establish_server_connection()  # make sure there is a server connection.
            self.server_conn.establish_ssl(self.config.clientcerts, self.sni)
        if client:
            if self.client_conn.ssl_established:
                raise ProxyError(502, "SSL to Client already established.")
            dummycert = self.find_cert()
            self.client_conn.convert_to_ssl(
                dummycert, 
                self.config.keyfile or self.config.cacert,
                handle_sni = self.handle_sni,
                cipher_list = self.config.ciphers
            )

    def server_reconnect(self, no_ssl=False):
        address = self.server_conn.address
        had_ssl = self.server_conn.ssl_established
        priority = self.server_conn.priority
        sni = self.sni
        self.log("(server reconnect follows)")
        self.del_server_connection()
        self.set_server_address(address, priority)
        self.establish_server_connection()
        if had_ssl and not no_ssl:
            self.sni = sni
            self.establish_ssl(server=True)

    def finish(self):
        self.client_conn.finish()

    def log(self, msg, subs=()):
        msg = [
            "%s:%s: %s" % (self.client_conn.address.host, self.client_conn.address.port, msg)
        ]
        for i in subs:
            msg.append("  -> " + i)
        msg = "\n".join(msg)
        self.channel.tell("log", Log(msg))

    def find_cert(self):
        if self.config.certfile:
            with open(self.config.certfile, "rb") as f:
                return certutils.SSLCert.from_pem(f.read())
        else:
            host = self.server_conn.address.host
            sans = []
            if not self.config.no_upstream_cert or not self.server_conn.ssl_established:
                upstream_cert = self.server_conn.cert
                if upstream_cert.cn:
                    host = upstream_cert.cn.decode("utf8").encode("idna")
                sans = upstream_cert.altnames

            ret = self.config.certstore.get_cert(host, sans)
            if not ret:
                raise ProxyError(502, "Unable to generate dummy cert.")
            return ret

    def handle_sni(self, connection):
        """
        This callback gets called during the SSL handshake with the client.
        The client has just sent the Sever Name Indication (SNI). We now connect upstream to
        figure out which certificate needs to be served.
        """
        try:
            sn = connection.get_servername()
            if sn and sn != self.sni:
                self.sni = sn.decode("utf8").encode("idna")
                self.log("SNI received: %s" % self.sni)
                self.server_reconnect()  # reconnect to upstream server with SNI
                # Now, change client context to reflect changed certificate:
                new_context = SSL.Context(SSL.TLSv1_METHOD)
                new_context.use_privatekey_file(self.config.certfile or self.config.cacert)
                dummycert = self.find_cert()
                new_context.use_certificate(dummycert.x509)
                connection.set_context(new_context)
        # An unhandled exception in this method will core dump PyOpenSSL, so
        # make dang sure it doesn't happen.
        except Exception, e:  # pragma: no cover
            pass


class ProxyServerError(Exception):
    pass


class ProxyServer(tcp.TCPServer):
    allow_reuse_address = True
    bound = True
    def __init__(self, config, port, host='', server_version=version.NAMEVERSION):
        """
            Raises ProxyServerError if there's a startup problem.
        """
        self.config = config
        self.server_version = server_version
        try:
            tcp.TCPServer.__init__(self, (host, port))
        except socket.error, v:
            raise ProxyServerError('Error starting proxy server: ' + v.strerror)
        self.channel = None

    def start_slave(self, klass, channel):
        slave = klass(channel, self)
        slave.start()

    def set_channel(self, channel):
        self.channel = channel

    def handle_client_connection(self, conn, client_address):
        h = ConnectionHandler(self.config, conn, client_address, self, self.channel, self.server_version)
        h.handle()
        h.finish()


class DummyServer:
    bound = False

    def __init__(self, config):
        self.config = config

    def start_slave(self, *args):
        pass

    def shutdown(self):
        pass


# Command-line utils
def ssl_option_group(parser):
    group = parser.add_argument_group("SSL")
    group.add_argument(
        "--certfile", action="store",
        type=str, dest="certfile", default=None,
        help="SSL certificate in PEM format, optionally with the key in the same file."
    )
    group.add_argument(
        "--keyfile", action="store",
        type=str, dest="keyfile", default=None,
        help="Key matching certfile."
    )
    group.add_argument(
        "--client-certs", action="store",
        type=str, dest="clientcerts", default=None,
        help="Client certificate directory."
    )
    group.add_argument(
        "--ciphers", action="store",
        type=str, dest="ciphers", default=None,
        help="SSL cipher specification."
    )


def process_proxy_options(parser, options):
    if options.certfile:
        options.certfile = os.path.expanduser(options.certfile)
        if not os.path.exists(options.certfile):
            return parser.error("Certificate file does not exist: %s" % options.certfile)

    if options.keyfile:
        options.keyfile = os.path.expanduser(options.keyfile)
        if not os.path.exists(options.keyfile):
            return parser.error("Key file does not exist: %s" % options.keyfile)

    if options.certfile and not options.keyfile:
        options.keyfile = options.certfile

    cacert = os.path.join(options.confdir, CA_CERT_NAME)
    cacert = os.path.expanduser(cacert)
    if not os.path.exists(cacert):
        certutils.dummy_ca(cacert)
    body_size_limit = utils.parse_size(options.body_size_limit)
    if options.reverse_proxy and options.transparent_proxy:
        return parser.error("Can't set both reverse proxy and transparent proxy.")

    if options.transparent_proxy:
        if not platform.resolver:
            return parser.error("Transparent mode not supported on this platform.")
        trans = dict(
            resolver=platform.resolver(),
            sslports=TRANSPARENT_SSL_PORTS
        )
    else:
        trans = None

    if options.reverse_proxy:
        rp = utils.parse_proxy_spec(options.reverse_proxy)
        if not rp:
            return parser.error("Invalid reverse proxy specification: %s" % options.reverse_proxy)
    else:
        rp = None

    if options.forward_proxy:
        fp = utils.parse_proxy_spec(options.forward_proxy)
        if not fp:
            return parser.error("Invalid forward proxy specification: %s" % options.forward_proxy)
    else:
        fp = None

    if options.clientcerts:
        options.clientcerts = os.path.expanduser(options.clientcerts)
        if not os.path.exists(options.clientcerts) or not os.path.isdir(options.clientcerts):
            return parser.error(
                "Client certificate directory does not exist or is not a directory: %s" % options.clientcerts
            )

    if (options.auth_nonanonymous or options.auth_singleuser or options.auth_htpasswd):
        if options.auth_singleuser:
            if len(options.auth_singleuser.split(':')) != 2:
                return parser.error("Invalid single-user specification. Please use the format username:password")
            username, password = options.auth_singleuser.split(':')
            password_manager = http_auth.PassManSingleUser(username, password)
        elif options.auth_nonanonymous:
            password_manager = http_auth.PassManNonAnon()
        elif options.auth_htpasswd:
            try:
                password_manager = http_auth.PassManHtpasswd(options.auth_htpasswd)
            except ValueError, v:
                return parser.error(v.message)
        authenticator = http_auth.BasicProxyAuth(password_manager, "mitmproxy")
    else:
        authenticator = http_auth.NullProxyAuth(None)

    return ProxyConfig(
        certfile=options.certfile,
        keyfile=options.keyfile,
        cacert=cacert,
        clientcerts=options.clientcerts,
        body_size_limit=body_size_limit,
        no_upstream_cert=options.no_upstream_cert,
        reverse_proxy=rp,
        forward_proxy=fp,
        transparent_proxy=trans,
        authenticator=authenticator,
        ciphers=options.ciphers,
    )