mitmproxy/netlib/websockets/websockets.py

411 lines
14 KiB
Python

from __future__ import absolute_import
import base64
import hashlib
import mimetools
import StringIO
import os
import struct
import io
from .. import utils
# Colleciton of utility functions that implement small portions of the RFC6455
# WebSockets Protocol Useful for building WebSocket clients and servers.
#
# Emphassis is on readabilty, simplicity and modularity, not performance or
# completeness
#
# This is a work in progress and does not yet contain all the utilites need to
# create fully complient client/servers #
# Spec: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455
# The magic sha that websocket servers must know to prove they understand
# RFC6455
websockets_magic = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
class WebSocketFrameValidationException(Exception):
pass
class Frame(object):
"""
Represents one websockets frame.
Constructor takes human readable forms of the frame components
from_bytes() is also avaliable.
WebSockets Frame as defined in RFC6455
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+
|F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length |
|I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (16/64) |
|N|V|V|V| |S| | (if payload len==126/127) |
| |1|2|3| |K| | |
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Extended payload length continued, if payload len == 127 |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+
| |Masking-key, if MASK set to 1 |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data |
+-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
: Payload Data continued ... :
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Payload Data continued ... |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
"""
def __init__(
self,
fin, # decmial integer 1 or 0
opcode, # decmial integer 1 - 4
mask_bit, # decimal integer 1 or 0
payload_length_code, # decimal integer 1 - 127
decoded_payload, # bytestring
rsv1 = 0, # decimal integer 1 or 0
rsv2 = 0, # decimal integer 1 or 0
rsv3 = 0, # decimal integer 1 or 0
payload = None, # bytestring
masking_key = None, # 32 bit byte string
actual_payload_length = None, # any decimal integer
):
self.fin = fin
self.rsv1 = rsv1
self.rsv2 = rsv2
self.rsv3 = rsv3
self.opcode = opcode
self.mask_bit = mask_bit
self.payload_length_code = payload_length_code
self.masking_key = masking_key
self.payload = payload
self.decoded_payload = decoded_payload
self.actual_payload_length = actual_payload_length
@classmethod
def from_bytes(cls, bytestring):
"""
Construct a websocket frame from an in-memory bytestring to construct
a frame from a stream of bytes, use from_byte_stream() directly
"""
return cls.from_byte_stream(io.BytesIO(bytestring).read)
@classmethod
def default(cls, message, from_client = False):
"""
Construct a basic websocket frame from some default values.
Creates a non-fragmented text frame.
"""
length_code, actual_length = get_payload_length_pair(message)
if from_client:
mask_bit = 1
masking_key = random_masking_key()
payload = apply_mask(message, masking_key)
else:
mask_bit = 0
masking_key = None
payload = message
return cls(
fin = 1, # final frame
opcode = 1, # text
mask_bit = mask_bit,
payload_length_code = length_code,
payload = payload,
masking_key = masking_key,
decoded_payload = message,
actual_payload_length = actual_length
)
def is_valid(self):
"""
Validate websocket frame invariants, call at anytime to ensure the
Frame has not been corrupted.
"""
try:
assert 0 <= self.fin <= 1
assert 0 <= self.rsv1 <= 1
assert 0 <= self.rsv2 <= 1
assert 0 <= self.rsv3 <= 1
assert 1 <= self.opcode <= 4
assert 0 <= self.mask_bit <= 1
assert 1 <= self.payload_length_code <= 127
if self.mask_bit == 1:
assert 1 <= len(self.masking_key) <= 4
else:
assert self.masking_key is None
assert self.actual_payload_length == len(self.payload)
if self.payload is not None and self.masking_key is not None:
assert apply_mask(self.payload, self.masking_key) == self.decoded_payload
return True
except AssertionError:
return False
def human_readable(self):
return "\n".join([
("fin - " + str(self.fin)),
("rsv1 - " + str(self.rsv1)),
("rsv2 - " + str(self.rsv2)),
("rsv3 - " + str(self.rsv3)),
("opcode - " + str(self.opcode)),
("mask_bit - " + str(self.mask_bit)),
("payload_length_code - " + str(self.payload_length_code)),
("masking_key - " + str(self.masking_key)),
("payload - " + str(self.payload)),
("decoded_payload - " + str(self.decoded_payload)),
("actual_payload_length - " + str(self.actual_payload_length))
])
def safe_to_bytes(self):
if self.is_valid():
return self.to_bytes()
else:
raise WebSocketFrameValidationException()
def to_bytes(self):
"""
Serialize the frame back into the wire format, returns a bytestring
If you haven't checked is_valid_frame() then there's no guarentees
that the serialized bytes will be correct. see safe_to_bytes()
"""
max_16_bit_int = (1 << 16)
max_64_bit_int = (1 << 63)
# break down of the bit-math used to construct the first byte from the
# frame's integer values first shift the significant bit into the
# correct position
# 00000001 << 7 = 10000000
# ...
# then combine:
#
# 10000000 fin
# 01000000 res1
# 00100000 res2
# 00010000 res3
# 00000001 opcode
# -------- OR
# 11110001 = first_byte
first_byte = (self.fin << 7) | (self.rsv1 << 6) |\
(self.rsv2 << 4) | (self.rsv3 << 4) | self.opcode
second_byte = (self.mask_bit << 7) | self.payload_length_code
bytes = chr(first_byte) + chr(second_byte)
if self.actual_payload_length < 126:
pass
elif self.actual_payload_length < max_16_bit_int:
# '!H' pack as 16 bit unsigned short
# add 2 byte extended payload length
bytes += struct.pack('!H', self.actual_payload_length)
elif self.actual_payload_length < max_64_bit_int:
# '!Q' = pack as 64 bit unsigned long long
# add 8 bytes extended payload length
bytes += struct.pack('!Q', self.actual_payload_length)
if self.masking_key is not None:
bytes += self.masking_key
bytes += self.payload # already will be encoded if neccessary
return bytes
@classmethod
def from_byte_stream(cls, read_bytes):
"""
read a websockets frame sent by a server or client
read_bytes is a function that can be backed
by sockets or by any byte reader. So this
function may be used to read frames from disk/wire/memory
"""
first_byte = utils.bytes_to_int(read_bytes(1))
second_byte = utils.bytes_to_int(read_bytes(1))
# grab the left most bit
fin = first_byte >> 7
# grab right most 4 bits by and-ing with 00001111
opcode = first_byte & 15
# grab left most bit
mask_bit = second_byte >> 7
# grab the next 7 bits
payload_length = second_byte & 127
# payload_lengthy > 125 indicates you need to read more bytes
# to get the actual payload length
if payload_length <= 125:
actual_payload_length = payload_length
elif payload_length == 126:
actual_payload_length = utils.bytes_to_int(read_bytes(2))
elif payload_length == 127:
actual_payload_length = utils.bytes_to_int(read_bytes(8))
# masking key only present if mask bit set
if mask_bit == 1:
masking_key = read_bytes(4)
else:
masking_key = None
payload = read_bytes(actual_payload_length)
if mask_bit == 1:
decoded_payload = apply_mask(payload, masking_key)
else:
decoded_payload = payload
return cls(
fin = fin,
opcode = opcode,
mask_bit = mask_bit,
payload_length_code = payload_length,
payload = payload,
masking_key = masking_key,
decoded_payload = decoded_payload,
actual_payload_length = actual_payload_length
)
def __eq__(self, other):
return (
self.fin == other.fin and
self.rsv1 == other.rsv1 and
self.rsv2 == other.rsv2 and
self.rsv3 == other.rsv3 and
self.opcode == other.opcode and
self.mask_bit == other.mask_bit and
self.payload_length_code == other.payload_length_code and
self.masking_key == other.masking_key and
self.payload == other.payload and
self.decoded_payload == other.decoded_payload and
self.actual_payload_length == other.actual_payload_length
)
def apply_mask(message, masking_key):
"""
Data sent from the server must be masked to prevent malicious clients
from sending data over the wire in predictable patterns
This method both encodes and decodes strings with the provided mask
Servers do not have to mask data they send to the client.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.3
"""
masks = [utils.bytes_to_int(byte) for byte in masking_key]
result = ""
for char in message:
result += chr(ord(char) ^ masks[len(result) % 4])
return result
def random_masking_key():
return os.urandom(4)
def create_client_handshake(host, port, key, version, resource):
"""
WebSockets connections are intiated by the client with a valid HTTP
upgrade request
"""
headers = [
('Host', '%s:%s' % (host, port)),
('Connection', 'Upgrade'),
('Upgrade', 'websocket'),
('Sec-WebSocket-Key', key),
('Sec-WebSocket-Version', version)
]
request = "GET %s HTTP/1.1" % resource
return build_handshake(headers, request)
def create_server_handshake(key):
"""
The server response is a valid HTTP 101 response.
"""
headers = [
('Connection', 'Upgrade'),
('Upgrade', 'websocket'),
('Sec-WebSocket-Accept', create_server_nounce(key))
]
request = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols"
return build_handshake(headers, request)
def build_handshake(headers, request):
handshake = [request.encode('utf-8')]
for header, value in headers:
handshake.append(("%s: %s" % (header, value)).encode('utf-8'))
handshake.append(b'\r\n')
return b'\r\n'.join(handshake)
def read_handshake(read_bytes, num_bytes_per_read):
"""
From provided function that reads bytes, read in a
complete HTTP request, which terminates with a CLRF
"""
response = b''
doubleCLRF = b'\r\n\r\n'
while True:
bytes = read_bytes(num_bytes_per_read)
if not bytes:
break
response += bytes
if doubleCLRF in response:
break
return response
def get_payload_length_pair(payload_bytestring):
"""
A websockets frame contains an initial length_code, and an optional
extended length code to represent the actual length if length code is
larger than 125
"""
actual_length = len(payload_bytestring)
if actual_length <= 125:
length_code = actual_length
elif actual_length >= 126 and actual_length <= 65535:
length_code = 126
else:
length_code = 127
return (length_code, actual_length)
def process_handshake_from_client(handshake):
headers = headers_from_http_message(handshake)
if headers.get("Upgrade", None) != "websocket":
return
key = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key']
return key
def process_handshake_from_server(handshake, client_nounce):
headers = headers_from_http_message(handshake)
if headers.get("Upgrade", None) != "websocket":
return
key = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Accept']
return key
def headers_from_http_message(http_message):
return mimetools.Message(
StringIO.StringIO(http_message.split('\r\n', 1)[1])
)
def create_server_nounce(client_nounce):
return base64.b64encode(
hashlib.sha1(client_nounce + websockets_magic).hexdigest().decode('hex')
)
def create_client_nounce():
return base64.b64encode(os.urandom(16)).decode('utf-8')