diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index ab9cf96..090ba72 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: [ '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12' ]
+        python-version: [ '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ jobs:
         rust-toolchain: nightly
         target: ${{ matrix.target }}
         manylinux: auto
-        args: --release --out dist --interpreter 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12
+        args: --release --out dist --interpreter 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
     - name: Upload wheels
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       with:
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index eb76a63..fee7e26 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ name = "_python_genshin_artifact"
 crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
-pyo3 = { version = "0.20.3", features = ["anyhow"] }
+# TODO it would be very nice to remove the "py-clone" feature as it can panic,
+# but needs a bit of work to make sure it's not used in the codebase
+# see https://pyo3.rs/v0.23.3/migration.html#pyclone-is-now-gated-behind-the-py-clone-feature
+pyo3 = { version = "0.23", features = ["anyhow", "py-clone"] }
 mona_wasm = { path = "genshin_artifact/mona_wasm" }
 mona = { path = "genshin_artifact/mona_core" }
 mona_generate = { path = "genshin_artifact/mona_generate" }
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ num = "0.4"
 serde="1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 anyhow = "1.0"
-pythonize = "0.20.0"
+pythonize = "0.23"
 bincode = "1.3.3"
 
 [features]
diff --git a/docs/PyO3_v0.23.0_upgrade.md b/docs/PyO3_v0.23.0_upgrade.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5ecc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/PyO3_v0.23.0_upgrade.md
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# PyO3 v0.23.0 Upgrade
+
+## Phase out the usage of GIL-refs
+
+According to the PyO3 0.21.0 relase note,
+
+> This release introduces a substantial new direction for PyO3's API. The `Bound<'py, T>` smart pointer type
+> has been added that replaces "GIL Refs" such as `&'py PyAny` and `&'py PyList` with smart-pointer forms
+> `Bound<'py, PyAny>` and `Bound<'py, PyList>`. This new smart pointer brings ownership out of PyO3's internals
+> and into user control. This has been done for sake of both performance and soundness.
+
+Thus, the usage of `.as_ref(py)` needs to be phased out and replaced by `.bind(py)`:
+
+```diff
+     pub fn __repr__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<String> {
+-        let set_name = self.set_name.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
+-        let slot = self.slot.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
+-        let main_stat = self.main_stat.0.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
++        let set_name = self.set_name.bind(py).to_str()?;
++        let slot = self.slot.bind(py).to_str()?;
++        let main_stat = self.main_stat.0.bind(py).to_str()?;
+         let main_stat_value = self.main_stat.1;
+```
+
+## Use `Bound<T>` in method arguments and return type
+
+Explicitly use `Bound<'py, T>` in the return type of `__dict__`:
+
+```diff
+     #[getter]
+-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
++    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
+         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
+-        let name_str = self.name.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
++        let name_str = self.name.bind(py).to_str()?;
+         dict.set_item("name", name_str)?;
+         if let Some(config) = &self.config {
+-            dict.set_item("config", config.as_ref(py))?;
++            dict.set_item("config", config.bind(py))?;
+         } else {
+             dict.set_item("config", py.None())?;
+         }
+-        Ok(dict.into())
++        Ok(dict)
+     }
+```
+
+Also apply `Bound<T>` to method argument:
+
+```diff
+--- a/src/lib.rs
++++ b/src/lib.rs
+@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::applications::output::transformative_damage::PyTransformativeDamage;
+ import_exception!(json, JSONDecodeError);
+
+ #[pymodule]
+-fn _python_genshin_artifact(py: Python<'_>, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
++fn _python_genshin_artifact(py: Python<'_>, m: &Bound<PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+     m.add("JSONDecodeError", py.get_type::<JSONDecodeError>())?;
+     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(get_damage_analysis, m)?)?;
+     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(get_transformative_damage, m)?)?;
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [PyO3 Migration Guide](https://pyo3.rs/v0.23.0/migration.html#from-020-to-021)
+- [pydantic-core#1222 - Upgrade to PyO3 0.21 beta](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1222/files#diff-2e9d962a08321605940b5a657135052fbcef87b5e360662bb527c96d9a615542)
+- [pydantic-core#1556 - Upgrade to PyO3 0.23 (minimal)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1556/files)
+- [pydantic-core#1450 - Upgrade to PyO3 0.23 head (WIP)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1450/files)
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 36c32ea..aecd79d 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "Intended Audience :: Information Technology",
     "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
diff --git a/src/applications/analysis.rs b/src/applications/analysis.rs
index 13e4569..ef6cfdb 100644
--- a/src/applications/analysis.rs
+++ b/src/applications/analysis.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn get_damage_analysis(calculator_config: PyCalculatorConfig) -> PyResult<Py
     let artifact_config_interface: Option<ArtifactConfigInterface> =
         if let Some(artifact_config) = calculator_config.artifact_config {
             Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                depythonize(artifact_config.as_ref(py))
+                depythonize(artifact_config.bind(py))
                     .map_err(|err| anyhow!("Failed to deserialize artifact config: {}", err))
             })?
         } else {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn get_transformative_damage(
     let artifact_config_interface: Option<ArtifactConfigInterface> =
         if let Some(artifact_config) = calculator_config.artifact_config {
             Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                depythonize(artifact_config.as_ref(py))
+                depythonize(artifact_config.bind(py))
                     .map_err(|err| anyhow!("Failed to deserialize artifact config: {}", err))
             })?
         } else {
diff --git a/src/applications/input/artifact.rs b/src/applications/input/artifact.rs
index 4283ac1..42cc194 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/artifact.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/artifact.rs
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ impl PyArtifact {
     }
 
     pub fn __repr__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<String> {
-        let set_name = self.set_name.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
-        let slot = self.slot.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
-        let main_stat = self.main_stat.0.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
+        let set_name = self.set_name.bind(py).to_str()?;
+        let slot = self.slot.bind(py).to_str()?;
+        let main_stat = self.main_stat.0.bind(py).to_str()?;
         let main_stat_value = self.main_stat.1;
         Ok(format!(
             "PyArtifact(set_name='{}', slot='{}', level={}, star={}, main_stat=({}, {}), id={})",
@@ -61,25 +61,25 @@ impl PyArtifact {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
-        dict.set_item("set_name", self.set_name.as_ref(py))?;
-        dict.set_item("slot", self.slot.as_ref(py))?;
+        dict.set_item("set_name", self.set_name.bind(py))?;
+        dict.set_item("slot", self.slot.bind(py))?;
         dict.set_item("level", self.level)?;
         dict.set_item("star", self.star)?;
         let sub_stats_pylist = PyList::new(
             py,
             self.sub_stats.iter().map(|(s, v)| {
-                let stat_str = s.as_ref(py).to_str().unwrap();
+                let stat_str = s.bind(py).to_str().unwrap();
                 (stat_str, *v)
             }),
-        );
+        )?;
         dict.set_item("sub_stats", sub_stats_pylist)?;
-        let main_stat_tuple = (self.main_stat.0.as_ref(py), self.main_stat.1);
+        let main_stat_tuple = (self.main_stat.0.bind(py), self.main_stat.1);
         dict.set_item("main_stat", main_stat_tuple)?;
         dict.set_item("id", self.id)?;
 
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaArtifact> for PyArtifact {
 
     fn try_into(self) -> Result<MonaArtifact, Self::Error> {
         let name: ArtifactSetName = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            let _string: &PyString = self.set_name.as_ref(py);
+            let _string: &Bound<'_, PyString> = self.set_name.bind(py);
             depythonize(_string).map_err(|err| {
                 let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _string);
                 anyhow!(
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaArtifact> for PyArtifact {
         })?;
 
         let slot: ArtifactSlotName = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            let _string: &PyString = self.slot.as_ref(py);
+            let _string: &Bound<'_, PyString> = self.slot.bind(py);
             depythonize(_string).map_err(|err| {
                 let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _string);
                 anyhow!(
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ impl TryInto<MonaArtifact> for PyArtifact {
         })?;
 
         let main_stat_name: StatName = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            let main_stat = self.main_stat.0.as_ref(py);
-            depythonize(self.main_stat.0.as_ref(py)).map_err(|err| {
+            let main_stat = self.main_stat.0.bind(py);
+            depythonize(self.main_stat.0.bind(py)).map_err(|err| {
                 let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", main_stat);
                 anyhow!(
                     "Failed to deserialize main stat into mona::artifacts::StatName: {}. Serialized data: \n{}",
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ impl TryInto<MonaArtifact> for PyArtifact {
             self.sub_stats
                 .iter()
                 .map(|s| {
-                    let sub_stats = s.0.as_ref(py);
-                    let name: Result<StatName, anyhow::Error> = depythonize(s.0.as_ref(py)).map_err(|err| {
+                    let sub_stats = s.0.bind(py);
+                    let name: Result<StatName, anyhow::Error> = depythonize(s.0.bind(py)).map_err(|err| {
                         let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", sub_stats);
                         anyhow!(
                             "Failed to deserialize sub stats into mona::artifacts::StatName: {}. Serialized data: \n{}",
@@ -166,7 +166,8 @@ mod tests {
         pyo3::prepare_freethreaded_python();
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let module = PyModule::import(py, "python_genshin_artifact.enka.artifacts")?;
-            let artifacts_name_map = module.getattr("artifacts_name_map")?.downcast::<PyDict>()?;
+            let artifacts_name_map = module.getattr("artifacts_name_map")?;
+            let artifacts_name_map = artifacts_name_map.downcast::<PyDict>()?;
             for (_, value) in artifacts_name_map.iter() {
                 let artifacts_name_str = value.extract::<String>()?;
                 let res: Result<ArtifactSetName, anyhow::Error> = depythonize(&value).context(
diff --git a/src/applications/input/buff.rs b/src/applications/input/buff.rs
index 0fb0c77..c18e900 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/buff.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/buff.rs
@@ -21,14 +21,15 @@ pub struct PyBuffInterface {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PyBuffInterface {
     #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, config=None))]
     pub fn py_new(name: Py<PyString>, config: Option<Py<PyDict>>) -> PyResult<Self> {
         Ok(Self { name, config })
     }
 
     pub fn __repr__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<String> {
-        let name = self.name.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
+        let name = self.name.bind(py).to_str()?;
         let config_repr = match &self.config {
-            Some(config) => config.as_ref(py).repr()?.to_str()?.to_string(),
+            Some(config) => config.bind(py).repr()?.to_str()?.to_string(),
             None => "None".to_string(),
         };
         Ok(format!(
@@ -38,16 +39,16 @@ impl PyBuffInterface {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
-        let name_str = self.name.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
+        let name_str = self.name.bind(py).to_str()?;
         dict.set_item("name", name_str)?;
         if let Some(config) = &self.config {
-            dict.set_item("config", config.as_ref(py))?;
+            dict.set_item("config", config.bind(py))?;
         } else {
             dict.set_item("config", py.None())?;
         }
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaBuffInterface> for PyBuffInterface {
 
     fn try_into(self) -> Result<MonaBuffInterface, Self::Error> {
         let name: BuffName = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            let _string: &PyString = self.name.as_ref(py);
+            let _string: &Bound<'_, PyString> = self.name.bind(py);
             depythonize(_string).map_err(|err| {
                 let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _string);
                 anyhow!(
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaBuffInterface> for PyBuffInterface {
 
         let config: BuffConfig = if let Some(value) = self.config {
             Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                let _dict: &PyDict = value.as_ref(py);
+                let _dict: &Bound<'_, PyDict> = value.bind(py);
                 depythonize(_dict).map_err(|err| {
                     let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _dict);
                     anyhow!(
diff --git a/src/applications/input/calculator.rs b/src/applications/input/calculator.rs
index dcf25d9..f1c2ccf 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/calculator.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/calculator.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl PyCalculatorConfig {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
         dict.set_item("character", self.character.__dict__(py)?)?;
         dict.set_item("weapon", self.weapon.__dict__(py)?)?;
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ impl PyCalculatorConfig {
             .buffs
             .iter()
             .map(|b| b.__dict__(py))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<PyObject>, PyErr>>()?;
-        dict.set_item("buffs", PyList::new(py, buffs))?;
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<Bound<PyDict>>, PyErr>>()?;
+        dict.set_item("buffs", PyList::new(py, buffs)?)?;
         let artifacts = self
             .artifacts
             .iter()
             .map(|ar| ar.__dict__(py))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<PyObject>, PyErr>>()?;
-        dict.set_item("artifacts", PyList::new(py, artifacts))?;
-        if let Some(artifact_config) = self.artifact_config.as_ref().map(|c| c.as_ref(py)) {
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<Bound<PyDict>>, PyErr>>()?;
+        dict.set_item("artifacts", PyList::new(py, artifacts)?)?;
+        if let Some(artifact_config) = self.artifact_config.as_ref().map(|c| c.bind(py)) {
             dict.set_item("artifact_config", artifact_config)?;
         } else {
             dict.set_item("artifact_config", py.None())?;
@@ -79,6 +79,6 @@ impl PyCalculatorConfig {
         } else {
             dict.set_item("enemy", py.None())?;
         }
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/applications/input/character.rs b/src/applications/input/character.rs
index b136d76..c2b669a 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/character.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/character.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub struct PyCharacterInterface {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PyCharacterInterface {
     #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, level, ascend, constellation, skill1, skill2, skill3, params=None))]
     pub fn py_new(
         name: String,
         level: usize,
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ impl PyCharacterInterface {
         ))
     }
 
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
 
         dict.set_item("name", &self.name)?;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ impl PyCharacterInterface {
             dict.set_item("params", py.None())?;
         }
 
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaCharacterInterface> for PyCharacterInterface {
             .context("Failed to name params into mona::character::CharacterName")?;
         let params: CharacterConfig = if let Some(value) = self.params {
             Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                let _dict: &PyDict = value.as_ref(py);
+                let _dict: &Bound<'_, PyDict> = value.bind(py);
                 depythonize(_dict).map_err(|err| {
                     let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _dict);
                     anyhow!(
@@ -158,13 +159,9 @@ mod tests {
 
             match &py_character_interface.params {
                 Some(value) => {
-                    let py_dict = value.as_ref(py);
-                    let hutao_dict = py_dict
-                        .get_item("HuTao")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .downcast::<PyDict>()
-                        .unwrap();
+                    let py_dict = value.bind(py);
+                    let hutao_dict = py_dict.get_item("HuTao").unwrap().unwrap();
+                    let hutao_dict = hutao_dict.downcast::<PyDict>().unwrap();
                     assert_eq!(
                         hutao_dict
                             .get_item("le_50")
@@ -211,7 +208,8 @@ mod tests {
         pyo3::prepare_freethreaded_python();
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let module = PyModule::import(py, "python_genshin_artifact.enka.characters")?;
-            let characters_map = module.getattr("characters_map")?.downcast::<PyDict>()?;
+            let characters_map = module.getattr("characters_map")?;
+            let characters_map = characters_map.downcast::<PyDict>()?;
             for (_, value) in characters_map.iter() {
                 let character_name_str = value.extract::<String>()?;
                 let res = CharacterName::from_str(&character_name_str).context(format!(
diff --git a/src/applications/input/enemy.rs b/src/applications/input/enemy.rs
index 3267b71..2431db6 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/enemy.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/enemy.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl PyEnemyInterface {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
         dict.set_item("level", self.level)?;
         dict.set_item("electro_res", self.electro_res)?;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl PyEnemyInterface {
         dict.set_item("anemo_res", self.anemo_res)?;
         dict.set_item("dendro_res", self.dendro_res)?;
         dict.set_item("physical_res", self.physical_res)?;
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/applications/input/skill.rs b/src/applications/input/skill.rs
index d7f9e3b..6b630d2 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/skill.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/skill.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub struct PySkillInterface {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PySkillInterface {
     #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (index, config=None))]
     fn new(index: usize, config: Option<Py<PyDict>>) -> PyResult<Self> {
         Ok(Self { index, config })
     }
@@ -29,15 +30,15 @@ impl PySkillInterface {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
         dict.set_item("index", self.index)?;
         if let Some(config) = &self.config {
-            dict.set_item("config", config.as_ref(py))?;
+            dict.set_item("config", config.bind(py))?;
         } else {
             dict.set_item("config", py.None())?;
         }
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaSkillInterface> for PySkillInterface {
     fn try_into(self) -> Result<MonaSkillInterface, Self::Error> {
         let config: CharacterSkillConfig = if let Some(value) = self.config {
             Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                let _dict: &PyDict = value.as_ref(py);
+                let _dict: &Bound<'_, PyDict> = value.bind(py);
                 depythonize(_dict).map_err(|err| {
                     let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _dict);
                     anyhow!("Failed to deserialize config into mona::character::skill_config::CharacterSkillConfig: {}. Serialized data: \n{}", err, serialized_data)
diff --git a/src/applications/input/weapon.rs b/src/applications/input/weapon.rs
index 403d0db..dbde1bc 100644
--- a/src/applications/input/weapon.rs
+++ b/src/applications/input/weapon.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ pub struct PyWeaponInterface {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PyWeaponInterface {
     #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (name, level, ascend, refine, params=None))]
     pub fn py_new(
         name: Py<PyString>,
         level: i32,
@@ -42,9 +43,9 @@ impl PyWeaponInterface {
     }
 
     pub fn __repr__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<String> {
-        let name = self.name.as_ref(py).to_str()?;
+        let name = self.name.bind(py).to_str()?;
         let params_repr = match &self.params {
-            Some(params) => params.as_ref(py).repr()?.to_str()?.to_string(),
+            Some(params) => params.bind(py).repr()?.to_str()?.to_string(),
             None => "None".to_string(),
         };
 
@@ -55,18 +56,18 @@ impl PyWeaponInterface {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
-        dict.set_item("name", self.name.as_ref(py))?;
+        dict.set_item("name", self.name.bind(py))?;
         dict.set_item("level", self.level)?;
         dict.set_item("ascend", self.ascend)?;
         dict.set_item("refine", self.refine)?;
         if let Some(params) = &self.params {
-            dict.set_item("params", params.as_ref(py))?;
+            dict.set_item("params", params.bind(py))?;
         } else {
             dict.set_item("params", py.None())?;
         }
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaWeaponInterface> for PyWeaponInterface {
 
     fn try_into(self) -> Result<MonaWeaponInterface, Self::Error> {
         let name: WeaponName = Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            let _string: &PyString = self.name.as_ref(py);
+            let _string: &Bound<'_, PyString> = self.name.bind(py);
             depythonize(_string).map_err(|err| {
                 let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _string);
                 anyhow!(
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ impl TryInto<MonaWeaponInterface> for PyWeaponInterface {
 
         let params: WeaponConfig = if let Some(value) = self.params {
             Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                let _dict: &PyDict = value.as_ref(py);
+                let _dict: &Bound<'_, PyDict> = value.bind(py);
                 depythonize(_dict).map_err(|err| {
                     let serialized_data = format!("{:?}", _dict);
                     anyhow!(
@@ -139,23 +140,16 @@ mod tests {
                 params: Some(Py::from(params_dict)),
             };
 
-            assert_eq!(
-                py_weapon_interface.name.as_ref(py).to_string(),
-                "StaffOfHoma"
-            );
+            assert_eq!(py_weapon_interface.name.bind(py).to_string(), "StaffOfHoma");
             assert_eq!(py_weapon_interface.level, 90);
             assert!(py_weapon_interface.ascend);
             assert_eq!(py_weapon_interface.refine, 5);
 
             match &py_weapon_interface.params {
                 Some(value) => {
-                    let py_dict = value.as_ref(py);
-                    let params_dict = py_dict
-                        .get_item("StaffOfHoma")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .downcast::<PyDict>()
-                        .unwrap();
+                    let py_dict = value.bind(py);
+                    let params_dict = py_dict.get_item("StaffOfHoma").unwrap().unwrap();
+                    let params_dict = params_dict.downcast::<PyDict>().unwrap();
                     assert_eq!(
                         params_dict
                             .get_item("be50_rate")
@@ -223,7 +217,8 @@ mod tests {
         pyo3::prepare_freethreaded_python();
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
             let module = PyModule::import(py, "python_genshin_artifact.enka.weapon")?;
-            let weapon_name_map = module.getattr("weapon_name_map")?.downcast::<PyDict>()?;
+            let weapon_name_map = module.getattr("weapon_name_map")?;
+            let weapon_name_map = weapon_name_map.downcast::<PyDict>()?;
             for (_, value) in weapon_name_map.iter() {
                 let weapon_name_str = value.extract::<String>()?;
                 let res: Result<WeaponName, anyhow::Error> = depythonize(&value)
diff --git a/src/applications/output/damage_analysis.rs b/src/applications/output/damage_analysis.rs
index 7cf1678..3ca390f 100644
--- a/src/applications/output/damage_analysis.rs
+++ b/src/applications/output/damage_analysis.rs
@@ -73,11 +73,12 @@ pub struct PyDamageAnalysis {
 #[pymethods]
 impl PyDamageAnalysis {
     #[getter]
-    fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> { // skipcq: RS-R1000
+    fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
+        // skipcq: RS-R1000
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
 
         fn insert_hashmap(
-            dict: &PyDict,
+            dict: &Bound<PyDict>,
             py: Python,
             key: &str,
             hashmap: &HashMap<String, f64>,
@@ -90,27 +91,27 @@ impl PyDamageAnalysis {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "atk", &self.atk)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "atk_ratio", &self.atk_ratio)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "hp", &self.hp)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "hp_ratio", &self.hp_ratio)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "defense", &self.def)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "def_ratio", &self.def_ratio)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "em", &self.em)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "em_ratio", &self.em_ratio)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "extra_damage", &self.extra_damage)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "bonus", &self.bonus)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "critical", &self.critical)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "critical_damage", &self.critical_damage)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "melt_enhance", &self.melt_enhance)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "vaporize_enhance", &self.vaporize_enhance)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "healing_bonus", &self.healing_bonus)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "shield_strength", &self.shield_strength)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "spread_compose", &self.spread_compose)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "aggravate_compose", &self.aggravate_compose)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "def_minus", &self.def_minus)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "def_penetration", &self.def_penetration)?;
-        insert_hashmap(dict, py, "res_minus", &self.res_minus)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "atk", &self.atk)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "atk_ratio", &self.atk_ratio)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "hp", &self.hp)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "hp_ratio", &self.hp_ratio)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "defense", &self.def)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "def_ratio", &self.def_ratio)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "em", &self.em)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "em_ratio", &self.em_ratio)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "extra_damage", &self.extra_damage)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "bonus", &self.bonus)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "critical", &self.critical)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "critical_damage", &self.critical_damage)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "melt_enhance", &self.melt_enhance)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "vaporize_enhance", &self.vaporize_enhance)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "healing_bonus", &self.healing_bonus)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "shield_strength", &self.shield_strength)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "spread_compose", &self.spread_compose)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "aggravate_compose", &self.aggravate_compose)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "def_minus", &self.def_minus)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "def_penetration", &self.def_penetration)?;
+        insert_hashmap(&dict, py, "res_minus", &self.res_minus)?;
 
         dict.set_item("element", &self.element)?;
         dict.set_item("is_heal", self.is_heal)?;
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ impl PyDamageAnalysis {
             dict.set_item("aggravate", py.None())?;
         }
 
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/applications/output/damage_result.rs b/src/applications/output/damage_result.rs
index 049cdf7..4716d86 100644
--- a/src/applications/output/damage_result.rs
+++ b/src/applications/output/damage_result.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use mona::damage::damage_result::DamageResult as MonaDamageResult;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::{PyBytes, PyDict};
 
-use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
-use bincode::{serialize, deserialize};
+use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 #[pyclass(module = "python_genshin_artifact", name = "DamageResult")]
 #[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
@@ -47,22 +47,22 @@ impl PyDamageResult {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
         dict.set_item("critical", self.critical)?;
         dict.set_item("non_critical", self.non_critical)?;
         dict.set_item("expectation", self.expectation)?;
         dict.set_item("is_heal", self.is_heal)?;
         dict.set_item("is_shield", self.is_shield)?;
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 
-    pub fn __setstate__(&mut self, state: &PyBytes) -> PyResult<()> {
+    pub fn __setstate__(&mut self, state: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<()> {
         *self = deserialize(state.as_bytes()).unwrap();
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn __getstate__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<&'py PyBytes> {
+    pub fn __getstate__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
         Ok(PyBytes::new(py, &serialize(&self).unwrap()))
     }
 
diff --git a/src/applications/output/transformative_damage.rs b/src/applications/output/transformative_damage.rs
index 11c7e01..a08eaa7 100644
--- a/src/applications/output/transformative_damage.rs
+++ b/src/applications/output/transformative_damage.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl PyTransformativeDamage {
     }
 
     #[getter]
-    pub fn __dict__(&self, py: Python) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+    pub fn __dict__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyDict>> {
         let dict = PyDict::new(py);
         dict.set_item("swirl_cryo", self.swirl_cryo)?;
         dict.set_item("swirl_hydro", self.swirl_hydro)?;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl PyTransformativeDamage {
         dict.set_item("burgeon", self.burgeon)?;
         dict.set_item("burning", self.burning)?;
         dict.set_item("crystallize", self.crystallize)?;
-        Ok(dict.into())
+        Ok(dict)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index bf7354d..58f9317 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::applications::output::transformative_damage::PyTransformativeDamage;
 import_exception!(json, JSONDecodeError);
 
 #[pymodule]
-fn _python_genshin_artifact(py: Python<'_>, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+fn _python_genshin_artifact(py: Python<'_>, m: &Bound<PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add("JSONDecodeError", py.get_type::<JSONDecodeError>())?;
     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(get_damage_analysis, m)?)?;
     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(get_transformative_damage, m)?)?;