147 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
147 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
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## Using GoogleTest from various build systems ##
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GoogleTest comes with pkg-config files that can be used to determine all
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necessary flags for compiling and linking to GoogleTest (and GoogleMock).
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Pkg-config is a standardised plain-text format containing
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* the includedir (-I) path
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* necessary macro (-D) definitions
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* further required flags (-pthread)
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* the library (-L) path
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* the library (-l) to link to
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All current build systems support pkg-config in one way or another. For
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all examples here we assume you want to compile the sample
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`samples/sample3_unittest.cc`.
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### CMake ###
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Using `pkg-config` in CMake is fairly easy:
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``` cmake
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
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cmake_policy(SET CMP0048 NEW)
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project(my_gtest_pkgconfig VERSION 0.0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)
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find_package(PkgConfig)
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pkg_search_module(GTEST REQUIRED gtest_main)
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add_executable(testapp samples/sample3_unittest.cc)
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target_link_libraries(testapp ${GTEST_LDFLAGS})
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target_compile_options(testapp PUBLIC ${GTEST_CFLAGS})
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include(CTest)
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add_test(first_and_only_test testapp)
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```
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It is generally recommended that you use `target_compile_options` + `_CFLAGS`
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over `target_include_directories` + `_INCLUDE_DIRS` as the former includes not
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just -I flags (GoogleTest might require a macro indicating to internal headers
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that all libraries have been compiled with threading enabled. In addition,
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GoogleTest might also require `-pthread` in the compiling step, and as such
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splitting the pkg-config `Cflags` variable into include dirs and macros for
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`target_compile_definitions()` might still miss this). The same recommendation
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goes for using `_LDFLAGS` over the more commonplace `_LIBRARIES`, which
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happens to discard `-L` flags and `-pthread`.
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### Autotools ###
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Finding GoogleTest in Autoconf and using it from Automake is also fairly easy:
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In your `configure.ac`:
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```
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AC_PREREQ([2.69])
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AC_INIT([my_gtest_pkgconfig], [0.0.1])
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AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([samples/sample3_unittest.cc])
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AC_PROG_CXX
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PKG_CHECK_MODULES([GTEST], [gtest_main])
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AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign subdir-objects])
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AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
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AC_OUTPUT
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```
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and in your `Makefile.am`:
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```
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check_PROGRAMS = testapp
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TESTS = $(check_PROGRAMS)
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testapp_SOURCES = samples/sample3_unittest.cc
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testapp_CXXFLAGS = $(GTEST_CFLAGS)
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testapp_LDADD = $(GTEST_LIBS)
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```
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### Meson ###
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Meson natively uses pkgconfig to query dependencies:
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```
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project('my_gtest_pkgconfig', 'cpp', version : '0.0.1')
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gtest_dep = dependency('gtest_main')
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testapp = executable(
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'testapp',
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files(['samples/sample3_unittest.cc']),
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dependencies : gtest_dep,
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install : false)
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test('first_and_only_test', testapp)
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```
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### Plain Makefiles ###
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Since `pkg-config` is a small Unix command-line utility, it can be used
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in handwritten `Makefile`s too:
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``` Makefile
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GTEST_CFLAGS = `pkg-config --cflags gtest_main`
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GTEST_LIBS = `pkg-config --libs gtest_main`
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.PHONY: tests all
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tests: all
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./testapp
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all: testapp
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testapp: testapp.o
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$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $< -o $@ $(GTEST_LIBS)
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testapp.o: samples/sample3_unittest.cc
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$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -c -o $@ $(GTEST_CFLAGS)
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```
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### Help! pkg-config can't find GoogleTest! ###
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Let's say you have a `CMakeLists.txt` along the lines of the one in this
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tutorial and you try to run `cmake`. It is very possible that you get a
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failure along the lines of:
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```
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-- Checking for one of the modules 'gtest_main'
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CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPkgConfig.cmake:640 (message):
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None of the required 'gtest_main' found
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```
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These failures are common if you installed GoogleTest yourself and have not
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sourced it from a distro or other package manager. If so, you need to tell
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pkg-config where it can find the `.pc` files containing the information.
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Say you installed GoogleTest to `/usr/local`, then it might be that the
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`.pc` files are installed under `/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig`. If you set
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```
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export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig
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```
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pkg-config will also try to look in `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` to find `gtest_main.pc`.
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