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107 lines
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ReStructuredText
107 lines
3.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
Handling Updates
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================
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Calling :doc:`API methods <invoking>` sequentially is cool, but how to react when, for example, a new message arrives?
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This page deals with updates and how to handle such events in Pyrogram. Let's have a look at how they work.
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.. contents:: Contents
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:backlinks: none
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:depth: 1
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:local:
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-----
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Defining Updates
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----------------
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First, let's define what are these updates. As hinted already, updates are simply events that happen in your Telegram
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account (incoming messages, new members join, bot button presses, etc...), which are meant to notify you about a new
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specific state that has changed. These updates are handled by registering one or more callback functions in your app
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using :doc:`Handlers <../api/handlers>`.
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Each handler deals with a specific event and once a matching update arrives from Telegram, your registered callback
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function will be called back by the framework and its body executed.
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Registering a Handler
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---------------------
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To explain how handlers work let's examine the one which will be in charge for handling :class:`~pyrogram.types.Message`
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updates coming from all around your chats. Every other kind of handler shares the same setup logic and you should not
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have troubles settings them up once you learn from this section.
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Using Decorators
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The most elegant way to register a message handler is by using the :meth:`~pyrogram.Client.on_message` decorator:
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.. code-block:: python
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from pyrogram import Client
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app = Client("my_account")
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@app.on_message()
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def my_handler(client, message):
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message.forward("me")
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app.run()
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The defined function ``my_handler``, which accepts the two arguments *(client, message)*, will be the function that gets
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executed every time a new message arrives.
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Asynchronous handlers
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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You can also have asynchronous handlers; you only need to define the callback function using ``async def`` and call API
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methods by placing ``await`` in front of them:
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.. code-block:: python
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@app.on_message()
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async def my_handler(client, message):
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await message.forward("me")
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.. note::
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You can mix ``def`` and ``async def`` handlers as much as you need, Pyrogram will still work concurrently and
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efficiently regardless of what you choose.
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Using add_handler()
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The :meth:`~pyrogram.Client.add_handler` method takes any handler instance that wraps around your defined callback
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function and registers it in your Client. It is useful in case you want to programmatically add handlers (or in case,
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for some reason, you don't like to use decorators).
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.. code-block:: python
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from pyrogram import Client
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from pyrogram.handlers import MessageHandler
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def my_function(client, message):
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message.forward("me")
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app = Client("my_account")
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my_handler = MessageHandler(my_function)
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app.add_handler(my_handler)
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app.run()
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The same about asynchronous handlers applies for :meth:`~pyrogram.Client.add_handler`:
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.. code-block:: python
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async def my_function(client, message):
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await message.forward("me")
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.. note::
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From now on, you'll see examples using synchronous code (i.e.: without ``async`` and ``await``, unless when actually
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relevant). This is done to keep snippets concise and more readable. Once you get the idea behind a feature, you can
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easily turn examples asynchronous later on.
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