115 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 【教程】Python 项目和包管理器 uv 安装以及使用
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date: 2024/11/9 13:12
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tags: [windows, linux, uv, python, venv]
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categories: 技术
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permalink: 380.html
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index_img: https://i.dawnlab.me/bf3a9545e37daac5afbd662a9e265b4a.png
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---
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# 介绍
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[官网](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/)
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uv 是一个用 Rust 编写的 Python 包安装器和解析器。它旨在成为 pip 和 pip-tools 工作流的直接替代品。Astral 的开发者们的目标是创建一个 “Python 的 Cargo”，这是一个全面的 Python 项目和包管理器，速度快、可靠且易于使用。
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# 安装
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## 国内安装优化
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### 添加环境变量
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使用 GitHub 镜像网站替换掉默认地址，加速下载
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```env
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UV_INSTALLER_GHE_BASE_URL=https://ghproxy.cn/https://github.com
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UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR=https://ghproxy.cn/https://github.com/indygreg/python-build-standalone/releases/download
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```
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默认使用清华 pypi 源
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```env
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UV_DEFAULT_INDEX=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
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```
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## Windows
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```powershell
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powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -c "irm https://ghproxy.cn/https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/latest/download/uv-installer.ps1 | iex"
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```
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## Linux
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```bash
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curl -LsSf https://ghproxy.cn/https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/latest/download/uv-installer.sh | sh
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```
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# 使用
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## 创建项目
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```bash
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uv init hello-world
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cd hello-world
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```
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或者
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```bash
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mkdir hello-world
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cd hello-world
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uv init
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```
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## 创建虚拟环境
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```bash
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uv venv .venv
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```
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指定 Python 版本号，未安装时会自动下载预构建的 Python 安装。
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```bash
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uv venv .venv --python=3.12
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```
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## 添加依赖
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uv 会自动解决依赖关系。
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```bash
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uv add httpx
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```
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## 同步依赖环境
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```bash
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uv sync
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```
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同时包含所有可选依赖：
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```bash
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uv sync --all-extras
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```
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## 导出为传统依赖文件 requirements.txt
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```bash
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uv export -o requirements.txt
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```
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不包含 hashes ：
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```bash
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uv export -o requirements.txt --no-hashes
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```
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同时包含所有可选依赖：
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```bash
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uv export -o requirements.txt --no-hashes --all-extras
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```
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